1.) T/F- Women represent nearly 80% of the health care work force.
True
2.) Rates of occupational injury to health care workers have ______ over the past decade.
C. ) Increased
3.) Which industry has the most nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses?
A. ) Hospitals
4.) List three preventative practices one can do to reduce risk factors of injury in the workplace.
Good posture
exercise regularly
stretch for flexibility
good nutrition habits
good lifestyle habits to reduce stress
5.) Match the following words to their definitions:
1. Thoracic outlet syndrome
2. Body mechanics
3. Tendonitis
4. Ergonomics
5. Carpal tunnel syndrome
a.) correct positioning for a given task
b.) science of designing and arranging work and living environments
c.) repeated hand motions causes inflammation and swelling, which pinches nerves in the wrist
d.) repeated motion causes bones or disks to compress nerves in the neck
e.) repeated motion in a joint inflames tendons
Thoracic outlet syndrome: d
Body mechanics: a
Tendonitis: e
Ergonomics: b
Carpal tunnel syndrome: c
6.) What are the three main curves of the spine?
Cervical curve, Thoracic curve, Lumbar curve
7.) Support of the ____ curve is critical in the workplace due to the fact that back injuries are more prevalent here.
a.) cervical curve
b.) thoracic curve
c.) lumbar curve
d.) none of the above
C.) Lumbar Curve
8.) True/False: OSHA recognizes back belts as effective engineering controls to prevent back injury.
False
9.) Which of the following is NOT an example of computer exercises?
a.) rotate head
b.) leg raises
c.) make fist, open hands, spread fingers
d.) shrug shoulders
B.) Leg raises
10.) What are the two different signs and symptoms of infections?
-Generalized/systemic & localized
11.) Match :
1. Immune Response
2. Antibiotic
3. Normal flora
4. Opportunistic infection
a.) not all microorganisms are harmful, some are necessary for normal function
b.) normal defense used by the body to fight infection by producing antibodies
c.) medication capable of inhibiting growth or destroying microorganisms
d.) when infection occurs due to a weakened physiological state
Immune Response: b
Antibiotic: c
Normal flora: a
Opportunistic infection: d
12.) What does the CDC say the single most important thing in preventing health care acquired infections is?
D. ) Washing hands
13.) Name three regulatory agencies for infection control.
CDC, MDCH, OSHA, MIOSHA, Local Health Department
Which of the following is NOT a natural defense mechanism?
d.) mucous membranes
C. ) saliva
Which is the only preventable blood-borne pathogen in which there is a vaccine that OSHA requires employers to offer to employees?
A. ) Hepatitis B
Which is more infectious?
a.) 1⁄4 teaspoon of HBV mixed into a 24,000 gallon swimming pool of water. Someone draws a 1⁄4 teaspoon of that water and injects you with it.
b.) 1⁄4 teaspoon of HIV mixed into a quart of water. Then 1⁄4 teaspoon is injected into you.
a.)
When it comes to fire procedures, what does RACE stand for?
R-remove patients
A-activate alarm
C-contain the fire
E-extinguish the fire or evacuate the are
How many types of fires are there?
a.) 3
b.) 10
C.) 5
d.) 20
C.) 5
Professionalism includes all of the following EXCEPT: a.) discretion b.) patience c.) dependability d.) vocalization
D.)Vocalization
True/False: Practicing good hygiene is not an important part of professionalism in the workplace.
False
Patients with alcohol dependence receive recommended care only about _____% of the time.
A. ) 10
Name three health problems that heavy drinkers have a greater risk of getting.
-hypertension, gastrointestinal bleeding sleep disorders, major depression,
hemorrhagic stroke, cirrhosis of the liver, several cancers
Any drink contains about ______grams of pure alcohol.
a.) 5
b.) 9
c.) 12
d.) 14
D.) 14
Name three states that are found to have the highest total per capita consumption of ethanol in the U.S.
-Nevada, Wisconsin, Florida, Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, North Dakota
How much of the U.S. population consists of drinkers (individuals who reported drinking at least one drink in the past 12-months)?
a.) 25%
b.) 50%
c.) 65%
d.) 75%
C.) 65%
_________% of the alcohol is consumed by 10% of the population.
a.) 47%
b.) 55%
c.) 60%
d.) 73%
D.) 73%
True/False: 60% of alcoholism in an individual is attributed to ones genes and the other 40% to the environment.
True
Who handles substance abuse in the community?
Locally it is the Genesee County Mental Health Clinic. Each county differs as to what
establishment it is, but funding and overall responsibility comes from the state level:
Department of Community Health
True/False: Women who breast feed as less likely to develop breast cancer?
True
When it comes to a person’s Body Mass Index (BMI), ________ is considered “overweight”
a.) 10
b.) 20
c.) 25
d.) 30+
C.) 25
List three examples of preventative measures one can take when practicing safe health habits:
Safe sex, check-ups, knowing one’s BMI/being educated, wearing your seatbelt,
having common sense, etc.
True/False: White Anglo-Saxon Protestants have been the dominant culture in our country historically.
True
This zone would be used for conversing with close friends and would encompass a zone between 18 inches to 4 feet.
a.) Personal Zone
b.) Social Zone
c.) Intimate Zone
d.) Public Zone
A.) Personal Zone
List Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs from bottom to top:
True/False: The eye can catch mistakes and errors on a computer screen easier than it can on a printed document.
False
List two diagnostic imaging techniques that are used in health care.
Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MRI), positron emission
tomography (PET), Ultrasound
Which of the following is NOT an example of what one can do to learn more about computers?
a.) read manuals
b.) explore
c.) read books
d.) play video games
Play video games
Match:
1. Medical record
2. Charting
3. Medical documentation
a.) notes and documents that health care workers add to a medical record
b.) a chronological health history of a particular patient
c.) recording observations and information about a patient
Medical record: b
Charting: c
Medical documentation: a
True/False: Documentation and medical records must be written in blue, black, or red ink?
False-only black or blue
List five things that a medical record may contain:
History and Physical, Physician’s orders, Diagnostic tests, Admissions, Surgical
What are the 6 steps to the communication process?
1. Set communication goals
2. Create message
3. Deliver message
4. Listen to response
5. Offer feedback and seek clarification
6. Evaluate encounter and revise message
What is professionalism?
a. Having an awareness of how you actions, body language, and words affect others.
How long does it take for a person of form an opinion about who they think you are?
a. 30 seconds.
3. What characteristics does professionalism include?
a. Dependability, Responsibility, integrity, self-motivation, discretion, patience, and competence.
4. What is the single most important vital sign of the health of an organization or agency?
a. Teamwork.
5. What are determinants of health?
a. Genetics, social environment, physical environment, behavior, health/illness services.
6. What are the 6 groups of the Food Guide Pyramid?
a. Grains, vegetables, Fruits, oils, milk products, and meats, fish, beans, and nuts.
7. What are the four primary objectives of Healthy People 2010?
a. Promote healthy behaviors, promote healthy and safe communities, improve systems for personal and public health, and prevent and reduce diseases and disorders.
8. What is an example of a health disparity?
a. Obesity in African Americans.
9. What are the components of healthy living?
a. Maintaining a normal weight, sufficient exercise, getting adequate sleep, and practicing preventive measures.
10. On a BMI chart, what is considered normal weight? Underweight? Overweight? Obese?
a. Normal weight is from 18 to 24
b. Underweight is below 18
c. Overweight is from 25 to 29
d. Obese is from 30 and above.
11. What are some things you should do to maintain a healthy weight?
a. Eat moderate amounts of nutritional food, eat adequate amounts of fiber, prepare your own lunches and dinners, eat slowly, drink water, and take vitamins as needed.
12. Define Anorexia nervosa.
a. Distorted belief that one is overweight.
13. Define Bulimia.
a. Compulsive eating of large quantities of food beyond that needed to satisfy hunger.
14. What are some preventive measures that can be taken to practice healthy living?
a. Regular doctor check-ups, safe sex, health education, seat belts, screenings, helmets.
15. What is stress?
a. Body’s reaction when it responds to danger, either real or imagined.
16. What age group has the highest alcohol dependence?
a. 18-20 years old
17. When talking about alcoholism, what are the two things that influence the disease and at what percentages?
a. Genes:60% and Environment: 40%
18. Define communication.
a. Exchanging messages between sender and receiver.
19. What are the different ways that messages can be exchanged?
a. Verbal, nonverbal, written, and electronic.
20. What is the communication process?
a. Set communication goals, create message, deliver message, listen to response, offer feedback and seek clarification, and evaluate encounter and revise message.
21. What are some factors to consider when collecting information from a patient?
a. Patient’s level of understanding, emotional factors, physical factors, and urgency of communication.
22. What is patient well-being affected by?
a. Attitude, expressed concern, and technical skills as well as cultural influences, personal experiences, and basic human needs all play a role.
23. What are some aspects of culture that we need to consider as health care professionals?
a. Rituals and religion, language, level of education, non-verbal cues, gender of health care workers, and nutrition.
24. Give an example of a low-contact culture.
a. North American, Northern Europeans, Asian.
25. What is the personal zone?
a. This zone would be used for conversing with close friends and would encompass a zone between 18 inches and 4 feet.
26. What is Maslow’s Hierarchy of human needs in order?
a. Physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.
27. Define compensation.
a. Attempting to satisfy a need by substituting something that does not actually satisfy the need.
28. Define displacement.
a. Transferring feelings one has about one person to a different person.
29. Name 5 different types of defense mechanisms (there are 10 total)
a. Compensation, control, denial, displacement, malingering, projection, rationalization, regression, repression, and withdrawal.
30. What are some ways to deal with loss?
a. Seek support from family and friends,
find comfort in religion,
draw on self-esteem,
employ problem-solving techniques,
use defense mechanisms,
become angry and depressed,
understand the need to grieve
come to terms with loss.
31. What are some components of good writing?
Logical organization,
attention to detail,
correct spelling,
grammar and format,
must be complete and accurate,
organizing content.
32. What is the purpose of a memo?
a. To share information within an organization.
33. What is A Minutes of Meetings and what do they do?
Documentation of meetings,
inform those who did not attend,
create a record of facility transactions,
serve as a guide for next meeting agenda,
provide resource for future reference.
34. When producing patient education materials, what are some things to consider?
a. Simple diagrams, different languages, and tables.
35. When was the microscope invented?
a. In the 1600s.
36. Define infection control.
a. Procedures to be followed to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
37. What does generalized or systemic mean and what are some symptoms?
a. Affecting the whole body. Headache, vomiting, fever, diarrhea, fatigue, increased pulse and respiration.
38. What are the two types of microbiology and explain them.
a. Aerobic- require oxygen.
b. Anaerobic- do not require oxygen.
39. What is a nosocomial infection?
a. An infection that occurs while a patient if receiving health care.
40. What is the single most important thing to do in preventing health care acquired infections according to the CDC?
a. Hand washing.
41. What is asepsis?
a. Also known as aseptic technique are methods to make the patient, the worker and the environment as pathogen free as possible.
42. What do disinfectants do?
a. Kill microorganisms.
43. Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
a. True.
44. What month do people get sick the most from the flu?
a. February
45. What are some risk factors in the work place?
Poor posture,
poor body mechanics,
low level of fitness, obesity,
stress.
46. Ergonomics is the correct positioning for a given task.
a. False.
47. Carpal tunnel syndrome is the caused by the repeated motion that causes bones or disks to compress nerves in the neck.
a. False
48. What is the proper way to pick up a box from the floor?
Bend at your knees,
keep your back straight and lift with your legs.
Keep your arms bent and elbows.
49. Why do you eyes get tired when viewing a computer screen?
a. Computer screens display images with a less consistent density, this results in the eyes having to work harder to focus.
50. For fire procedures, what does RACE stand for?
a. Remove patients, Activate alarm, Contain the fire, and Extinguish the fire or Evacuate the area.
1) What character and social aspects are generally assumed after 30 seconds of greeting someone?
Economic level,
education level,
trustworthiness,
social position,
level of sophistication,
social and educational heritage,
success,
current endeavors,
and if they like you.
2) List some attributes that represent superior professional behaviors.
Dependability,
flexibility,
courtesy,
consideration,
good communication skills,
cultural competency.
3) True or false. When writing an e-mail, it is important to provide a specific subject line, to sign your messages, and to make your message lengthy and detailed.
False: Although detail is important, messages should be short and concise.
4) A man may be considered at risk for alcohol related problems if he consumes how many beverages per week?
15 or more per week
5) Which characteristics may affect and limit the amount of alcohol one can consume?
A person’s age,
pre-existing conditions,
and medication usage.
6) What is the standard serving size for a can of beer?
12 ounces
7) The state of Michigan consumed how many gallons of ethanol per capita in 2003?
2.00-2.24 gallons per capita
8) Nearly 73% of alcohol is consumed by what percentage of the population?
10%
9) At what age frame to most people seek help for alcoholism?
Ages 40-44
10) Health determinants, which help determine the level of health and sense of well being, can be listed as:
Genetics,
social environment,
physical environment,
behavior,
health services.
11) The My Pyramid food guide suggests that we eat how many servings of fruits and vegetables per day?
5 servings
12) What percentage of all deaths in the United States can be related to diseases of the heart?
Over 30 percent
13) A Body Mass Index that is over 25 would suggest that the individual is considered to be?
Overweight
14) List four physical changes that occur with the body when it is introduced to stress.
Increased heart rate,
elevated blood pressure,
raised blood sugar,
dilated blood vessels
What percent of health care workers are women?·
80%
What are some risk factors of ergonomic injuries?
· Poor Posture
· Poor Body Mechanics
· Low Fitness Level
· Obesity
· Stress
According to the BMI how much excess weight is needed to be over weight? Obese?·
25=overweight·
30+=obese
Name the 3 most common RMIs.
1. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
2. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
3. Tendonitis
Why do eyes tire more easily when viewing a computer screen?·
They display images at a less consistent density so the eyes have to work harder.
Name the two type of signs and symptoms of infection in the body.
1. Generalized
2. Localized
What is symbiosis?·
If the relationship benefits the host
List the chain of infection.·
Infectious agent·
Reservoir host·
Portal of exit·
Route of transmission·
Portal of entry·
Susceptible host
Name two types of Flora and what they are.
1. Transient flora-picked up during the day
2. Resident flora- present at all times
Name the 6 groups of the food guide pyramid.
1. Grains
2. Vegetables
3. Fruits
4. Oils
5. Milk products
6. Meat, fish, beans, nuts
When first meeting someone, how long after before they have made an opinion of you?·
30 seconds
For fire procedures what word should you remember and does it stand for.Race·
Remove patients·
Activate alarm·
Contain fire·
Extinguish fire or Evacuate
How many drinks a day and a week puts men and women at increased risks for alcohol related problems?
· Men- 5 or more a day, 15 or more a week
· Women- 4 or more a day, 8 or more in a week
List the communication process.
1. Set communication goals
2. Create message
3. Deliver message
4. Listen to response
5. Offer feedback/seek clarification
6. Evaluate encounter/revise message
Name a few things to consider when preparing for patient education.
1. Pictures
2. Bold Words
3. Languages
4. Simple Words
2.) Name 2 factors that may make drinking at lower levels problematic.
Patient’s age,
Co-existing conditions,
Medication Use.
True or False: The U.S. Surgeon General urges abstinence from drinking for women who are or may become pregnant.
True
List 3 key opportunities for screening a patient.
Routine Examination,
Prescribing Medication,
When in the Emergency Department.
True or False: Nearly 6 in 10 U.S. adults engage in high-risk drinking patterns
False-Nearly 3 in 10
6.) What are the elements of Alcohol Dependence according to the DSM-IV and ICD-10.(In Order)
Tolerance
Withdrawal
Impaired control
Compulsive Use.
What are some factors that define compulsive use of alcohol?
Cravings,
neglect activities,
time spent,
and use despite negative consequences.
What are some determinants of health?
Genetics,
Social environment,
Physical Environment,
Behavior,
Health/Illness Services.
Define the risk factor Physical Environment..
Environmental risk factors include exposures to harmful agents in food, water and air
True or False: The top causes of death in the U.S. are often influenced by personal habits.
True
List the 6 Groups of the Food Guide Pyramid.
Grains,
Vegetables,
Fruits,
Oils,
Milk Products,
Meat fish beans and nuts.
What are some ways computerized databases are beneficial?
Quickly access, sort, and report data in various formats
Multiple access to information
Additions and changes entered easy
Reports generated as needed
Quality improvement can be more easily conducted because it’s easier to evaluate data in computer databases.
Positron emission tomography (PET)
A radioactive substance injected into the patient is scanned and projected as a 3-dimensional image.
What are some ways you can make sure you are using computers effectively?
Verify accuracy of data entry,
Always back up work,
Stay legal,
Keep up with advancements,
Don’t panic,
Be flexible,
Avoid injury.
What is the Communication Process in order?
1. Set communication goals
2. Create message
3. Deliver message
4.Listen to response-
5. Offer feedback and seek clarification
6.Evaluate encounter and revise message.
What are some components of good writing?
1.) Logical organization
2.) Attention to detail
3.) Correct spelling, grammar, and format,
4.) Must be complete and accurate
5.)Organizing content.
True or False: There is an increased risk for alcohol for men if they drink 5 or more drinks in a day, and 4 or more drinks in a day for women.
True
Charting
Recording observations and information about a patient.
True or False-When making corrections to a medical record you cross out the mistake to make sure nobody can read what the error was.
False-You draw a single line through error.
What is one thing that has to be on ALL documents in a medical chart?
A.) History and Physical (H&P)
B.) Progress Notes
c.) Medications Record
D.) Patient’s name
D.) Patient's name
Progress Notes
Recording, communication, and coordination care of patient.
True or False: 12 babies are given to the wrong parents each day.
True.
CMS
The Center for Medicaid and Medicare Services (formerly HCFA) and it’s process is to preserve or improve quality of care while decreasing costs.
List Quality Programs.
1.) Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI)
2.) Quality Assurance (QA)
3.) Quality Improvement (QI)
4.) Total Quality Management (TQM)
5.) Utilization Review (UR)
PDSA:
Plan-Do-Study-Act which is the heart and soul of improvement. This focus is on a team approach, based on data, that drives improvement.
How many positive service incidencts does it take to make up for one bad incident?
D.) 24+
A. ) 12
True or False: If you resolve a complaint on the sport in their favor, you have a 95% that the customer will do business with you again.
True.
Medical Record
A Chronological health history of a particular patient.
T/F – B-Team is proactive, confident, and positive.
FALSE
List 4 ways to show professional behavior:
Be dependable
Be flexible
Good communication skills
Cultural competence
What % of the population are drinkers?
65%
List 3 elements of alcohol dependence:
Tolerance
Withdrawal
Compulsive use
What is the communication process?
Set goals
Create message
Deliver message
Listen to response
Offer feedback/set clarification
Evaluate and revise
List 3 components of good writing:
Organization
Grammar/spelling
Attention to detail
List 4 types of Grammar:
Capitilization
Punctuation
Writing numbers correctly
Writing titles correctly
List 4 determinants of Health:
Genetics
Social environment
Behavior
Health
What are the 6 groups of the Food Guide Pyramid?
Grains
Vegetables
Fruits
Oils
Dairy
Meat, fish, beans, nuts
What were 2 broad goals for “Health People 2010”?
Increase quality and years of healthy life
Eliminate health disparities
True/False. The agriculture industry safer today then it was a decade ago?
True
All of the following are risk factors for ergonomic injury EXCEPT a. poor posture, b. social stress, c. psychological stress, d. poor body mechanics.
social stress
All the following are risk factors for violence except: a.transporting patients b.access to fire arms c. not wearing a helmet d. all the above
C. not wearing a helmet
True/False. People for an opinion of you in the first 10 seconds
False
What industry had the highest rate of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses?
Hospitals
Name 3 of the 5 risk factors for injuries
Poor posture, poor body mechanics, low level of fitness, obesity and stress
Define ergonomics
Science of designing and arranging work and living environments that maximize efficiency and health and safety.
What does RMI stand for and what are the most common RMIs
Increases intra-abdominal pressure to support muscles during lifting, warm muscles of abdomen and back to increase flexibility 2. Increases blood and pelvic pressures that could cause cardiac problems, heat rashes, improper fit can cause pain and injuries, false sense of security
Name 2 computer exercises
Make fist, open hands, spread fingers
Interlace fingers, extend arms
Rotate head
Shrug shoulders and then relax
Place arm on other shoulder and turn head to opposite shoulder
Define infection control
Procedures to be followed to prevent the spread of infectious disease
Who proposed the germ theory
Pasteur in 1800s
What are normal flora
Microorganisms that are necessary for normal function
What are the two broad classes of microorganisms
Aerobic-require oxygen to live
Anaerobic-do not require oxygen to live
What is symbiosis
The relationship between a host and microorganism that benefits the host
What is Rickettsia
It is a microbe that is smaller than bacteria, obligate intracellular parasites and stain Gram negative
Name 4 infection regulatory agencies
CDC-center of disease control
OSHA-Occupational Safety and Health Administration
MDCH- Michigan Department of Community Health
MIOSHA- Michigan OSHA
What is an apesis technique
Hand washing
What are 3 ways to maximize resistance to infection
Provide good hygiene
Ensure proper nutrition and fluid intake
Keep vaccinations up to date
What are the intentions of standard precautions?
Prevent contact with potentially infectious body fluids
What are 4 blood borne pathogens
Hepatitis B,C,D and HIV
What is an example of a drug-resistant organism
MERSA
What are 5 risk factors for violence?
Transporting patients, long waits for service, working alone, poor environmental design, and access to firearms
During a fire what does RACE stand for
R-emove patients
A-ctivate alarm
C-ontain the fire
E-xtinguish fire or Evacuate area
Where can radiation hazards be found
X-rays and radiation therapy
What are 2 biological threats
Antrax, botulism, plague, and smallpox
How long does it take for someone to form an opinion of who they think you are
30 seconds
Name 4 dependable behaviors
Dependability
Flexibility
Acceptance of differences
Demonstrate cultural competence
What are physical changes that are caused by stress