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Reproductive drugs in four categories are
- Gonadotrophic
- Androgens
- Estrogens
- Progestins
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Gonadotrophic hormones include
male gonads are testes
female gonads are ovaries
corpus luteum - follicle after a woman ovulates
- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
- Luteinizing hormone (LH)
- Luteotrophic hormone (LTH)
- FSH - which stimulates development of ovarian follicles in the female and sperm production in the testes of the male
- LH - works in conjunction with FSH to induce secretion of estrogen, ovulation, and development of the corpus luteum
- LTH - stimulates the secretion of progesterone by the corpus luteum and secretion of the milk by the mammary gland, hence the term lactogenic hormone
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The male hormones, are secreted mainly in the interstitial tissue of the testes in the male secondarily in the adrenal glands of both sexes are
Adrogens
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Stimulate the development of male characteristics (maculinization)
Adrogens
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Masculinziation include
Testosterone and androsterone
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Inadequate production of adrogens in a male may be due to
- Pituitary malfunction
- Atrophy
- Injury or removal of testicles (castration)
- Eunchism
- Eunuchoidism
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This characteristic includes retarded development of sex organs, absence of beard and body hair, high pitched voice, lack of muscular development
Eunuchoid
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This may result in impotence or deficient sperm production is
Hypogonadism
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Uses of androgens include:
- Replacement
- Acquired
- Palliative treatment
Congenital
- 1. in cases of diminished testicular hormone with testosterone (e.g. impotence, oligospermia, and andropause (male menopause)
- 2. hypogonadism (e.g. cryptorchidism or undescended testicles) or delayed puberty in the male
- 3. hypogonadism (e.g. orchitis, trauma, tumor, radiation, surgery of the testicles, or drug induced(
- 4. of females with advanced metastatic (Skeletal) carcinoma of the breast for examp, methytestosterone
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SE:
Edema
Acne
Hirsutism - unusal hair growth
Gynecomastia
Jaundice and hepatitis
N/V
Premature closure of bone ends
Stunt growth
Anxiety, Depression, HA
Increased LDL
Decreased HDL
Androgens side effects
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Contraindications with adrogens are
- Cardiac
- Renal
- Liver dysfunction - edema
- Growth of cancerous tissue
- Prepubertal males
- Diabetes
- Obesity
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Interactions with of adrogens are
- Oral anticoagulants
- Decreased blood glucose
- Antiadrogens (dutasteride/finasteride)
1. potentiation may cause bleeding
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Androgen drugs
Generic/Tradename/Dosage
1. danazol/Danocrine
2. methytestosterone/Android, Testred
w/estrogen/Estratest
3. oxandrolone/Oxadrin
4. testosterone/Depo-Testosterone
/Androderm, AndroGel
- Doses and uses
- 1. 100-400mg/endometriosis, fibrocystic, breast disease
- 2. PO, buccal does varies, PO, dose varies/Advanced breast ca; replacement therapy, Menopausal sx if estrogen alone insufficient
- 3. Tx of cachexia
- 4. Hypogonadism, advanced breast ca
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The female sex hormones, are produced mainly by the ovary and secondarily bby the adrenal glands
Estrogens
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Responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics, including breast enlargement, during a menstrual cycle they act on the female genitalia to produce an environment suitable for fertalization, implantation and nutrition of the early embryo
Estrogens
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Secrete hormones such as FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary gland in a complex way
Estrogens
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Estrogen is used in combination with what in order of management of severe menopausal sx that do not respond to estrogen alone is
Testosterone
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SE:
Thromboembolic disorders
HYPERtension
MI
stroke
V/D
Weight gain
Folic acid deficiencies
HA
Depression
Ca of the uterus
Estrogens
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A hormone secreted by the corpus luteum (ovary) and adrenal glands is
Progesterone
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SE:
Menstrual irregularity
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