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What does alveolar surfactact do in the lungs?
Allows the exchange of gases in the alveoli of the lungs and contributes to the elasticity of pulmonary tissue
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What is lung compliance?
the expandability of the lungs
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How long should a incentive spirometer last?
3 seconds
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What is Intermittent positive pressure breathing?
treatment used to assist the client to take a deep breath and/or give medicinces into the lungs. Its done by a machine that introduces air into the lungs when the client breathes. Done by mouthpiece or mask
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Hemoptysis is often a sign of a serious illness including:?
cancer, bronchiectasis, pulmonary embolus, pneumonia, TB
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What is Chylothorax?
leakage of lymphatic fluid from the lymphatic vessels typically accumulating in the thoracic or abdominal cavities
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What are S/S of Chylothorax?
SOB, mild tachycardia, pleural effusion, decreased cardiac output, odorless, milky appearance
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Patient care for Pulmonary function studies
aviod scheduling immediately after mealtime, aviod administration of inhaled bronchodilator for 6hrs before proc, provide rest after proc
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Acid Fast smear and culture
performed to collect sputum for acid fast bacilli (TB) series of 3 morning specimens
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Cytology
single sputum specimen is collected in a special container with fixed solution, done to determine presence of abnormal cells that may indicate malignancy
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Anergy Test
to detect false negative results of candida, mumps, tetanus toxiod in immunocompromised clients,
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How is Coryza spread?
airborne droplets
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Acute Bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi, the main ait passages to the lungs, symptoms include coughing, SOB, wheezing and fatigue. Caused by bacterial infections (streptococcus pneumoniae, Haeophilus influenza, Mycoplasma, and Chlamydia)
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Pleurisy
inflammation of the pleura, occurs when the pleura become inflammed due to microbial infectin, these membrances adhere together and breathing becomes very painful
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Pneumonia
acute inflammation of the parenchyma caused by a microbial agent.
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Community acquired pneumonia
onset occurs in the community the first 2 days of hospitalization,highest in winter months
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Hospital Acquired Pneumonia
occuring within 48hrs or longer after hospitalization, increased rate in incubated clients, bacteria resp for most infections
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Aspiration Pneumonia
caused by aspirating mouth or stomach contents into the trachea and then lungs, tube feeding is a risk factor
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What is Cytomegalovirus (CMV)? treatment?
viral pneumonia found in immunospressed clients (transplants), herpes virus can be mild or severe enough to cause death, Treatment is with Ganciclovir (Cytovene)
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What are the clinical manifestations of CMV?
gradual onset, dry cough, headaches, lyalgias, fatigue, sore throat, nausea, vommiting, diarrhea
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What are the complications of CMV?
pluerisy, plerual effusion, atelectasis, lung abcess, empyema, pericarditis, arthitis, meningitis, endocarditis
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What are the symptoms of TB?
fatigue, malaise, productive cough, hemoptysis, low grade fever, night sweats, anorexia, weight loss, pulmonary pain
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When will a positive reaction to a TB test occur?
2-12 after the initial exposure
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