Health Essentials Exam 1

Interdependent

Saw nurding as an art and science. Supported education. Said the environment directly affects one's health. Cleanliness, Light, Pure air and water.

Defined the nurse-client relationship. Stranger, Resource person, Teacher Leader Surrogate, and Counselor

Defined nursing as assisting a person in the performance of acitivites that will contribute to health or a peacful death. Stressed independence of client

Conservation theory- Energy, Structural Intergrity, Personal Intergrity, and Social Integrity.

I am Nursing. Looked at action by the nurse client and family and said those things are integrated together. Important that the patients do what they can on their own.

Stressors- Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, and Extrapersonal

stresses within (fear of flying)

Between 2 individuals (getting into with someone)

Outside the individual (raining)

Culrture care and culture belief. Accomodation or negotiation (We respect cultural beliefs).

Aaptation model- Nursing attempts to alter the environment when the person in not adapting well (i.e. if patient has a problem getting out of the bed, get them a walker). Use of coping systems-Nursing attempts to assist hte client in coping mechanisms.

Human caring. Care and love are the basis for humanity.

• Unitary human beings
• Nursing as an art and science. Energy fields. Looked at humans as structures that cannot ve seperated into pieces.

• Improve accuracy of client identification
• Reduce risk of health care associated infection
• Improve effectiveness of communication
• Improve safety of usig high-alert med
• Prevent errors in surgery
• Improve safety of infusion pumps
• Effectiveness of clinical alarm systems
• Reduce the risk of patient harm resulting form falls

Burns/poisonings, Self inflicted cuts

• Medication errors
• Client transfer falls
• Contamination

• Fire
• Electrocution
• Osygen Tank

Always there. Hands washing alone will not get rid of it. Must use friction by rubbing the hands and scrubbing the nails.

Brief can get rid of with hand-washing.

Viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, Rickettsia

Pesticides, food additives, medications, and industrial chemicals

Machine, heat, light, noise, radiation, and machinery

Person whol lacks resistance to an agent and is vulnerable to disease

• Contact
• Airborne
• Vehicle
• Vectorborn

Sexually transmitted diseases

Host contacts droplet nuclei or dust particles suspended in the air

Contaminated inanimate objects such as water, food, drugs and blood

mosquitoes, fleas, ticks, lice and other animals

• Incubation
• Prodromal
• Illness
• Convalescent

Time interval between entry of an infectious agent in the host and the onset of symptoms.

Non specific symptoms

Specific Systems

Disappearance of acute symptoms until the client returns to the previous state of health

• SARS
• Hepatitis
• West Nile Virus/Hantavirus
• Viral hemorrhagic fevers (ebola)
• HIV

• GI
• Urinary
• Skin
• Lower Respiratory
• Conjunctiva

• Fall risk every shift
• Infection (local or systemic)

• Knowledge
• Asses prior to patient's discharge

10,000

Increase in acute sever infection (bacterial)

Increase in chronic bacterial infections

increased in protozoan and rickettsial infections and tuberculosis

Unaltered in an infectious process

Elevated in infection

Elevated in infection

Time, distance, and shielding

infection control practice used to reduce number, growth and spread of microorganisms.

Gloves, changing linens daily, cleaning floors, hospital furniture and hand hygiene

Eliminates microorganisms and spores

Sterile technique, donning sterile gloves,donning surgical attire, surgical hand antisepis, gowning and closed gloving

• Gloves
• Gown
• Protective Eyewear
• Hand Hygiene

• In addition to standard
• Gloves
• Gowns
• Disposable equipmemt

LAST

• In addtion to standard
• Eye protection
• Fluid resistant procedure mask

• Keep door closed
• N95 respirator mask

MRSA, VRE, C.difficile, major wounds with significant damage

Tuberculosis,measles,chickenpox, disseminated herpes zoster

Influenza, respiratory MRSA,rubella, meningoccocal meningitis, mumps, pertussis

• Client is free injury
• Client is free from
• Self-care needs are met

• Upon admission
• Every few hours
• Anytime there is a change in the patients condition
• Before procedures (compare when they return)
• Prior to discharge

Every 8hrs

Every hour

Every 4 hours

May not take them

98.6 F

97.6 F

99.6 F

• Patient at risk for perforation
• Patients who have extremely slow heart rate because it stimulates vegus nerves and can slow the heart rate

• Metabolism
• Shivering (body's own mechanism)
• Excessive muscle activity
• Fever
• Thyroxine production

• Radiation
• Conduction
• Convection
• Evaporation

Loss of heat to object in contact with the body

Using Air

12-20 breaths per minute

During cardiac arest, shock, blood pressure very low

1 minute

Circulation problem, the heart is not pumping efficient enough to reach extremeties

Posterior tibial and Dorsalis Pedis

measure of blood that enters the aorta with each ventricular contractiondiac output

volume of blood pumped by the heart in one minute

5000ml

4500ml

Depolarization

Repolarization- Most important heart not resting doesn't get oxygen and doesn't allow blood to flow to tissues

• Systole/Diastole
• 120/80= 40

• Lay flat, take BP
• -Wait 5 minutes
• Sit, take BP
• -Wait 5 minutes
• Stand up, take BP