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epicranius frontalis (frontal belly)
raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead
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epicranius occipitus (occipital belly)
tenses and retracts scalp
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obicularis oculi
closes eye
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zygomaticus
retracts and elevates corner of mouth (smile)
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orbicularis oris
compresses lips (kiss)
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buccinator
compresses cheeks (whistle)
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masseter
elevates mandible, moves jaw upward, shut mouth
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temporalis
elevates mandible
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digastric
depressed mandible (pulls mandible down), helps to move hyoid bone
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platysma
depresses mandible and tenses skin of the neck
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sternocleidomastoid
flex the neck, bends head up and face to opposite side
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external intercoastals
elevates ribs for inspiration
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internal intercoastals
depresses ribs for expiration
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diaphragm
contraction expands thorax
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external obliques
compresses abdomen/ flex, laterally rotate spine to opposite side
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internal obliques
compresses abdomen/ flex, laterally rotate spine to same side
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transverse abdominus
compresses abdomen
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rectus abdominus
compresses abdomen/ flexes spine
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pectoralis major
flexion, adduction and medial rotation of arm
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pectoralis minor
protracts shoulder/ glenoid cavity moves inferiorly
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serratus anterior
protracts shoulder/ glenoid cavity moves superiorly
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trapezius
elevate, retract, depress, rotate scapula/ extend neck
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deltoid
abduction or flexion or extension or rotation at the shoulder
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teres major
extension and medial rotation at shoulder
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teres minor
lateral rotation and adduction at shoulder
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subscapularis
medial rotation at shoulder
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infraspinatus
lateral rotation at shoulder
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supraspinatus
abduction at shoulder
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rhomboid major
adduct and inferior rotation of scapula
-
rhomboid minor
adduct and inferior rotation of scapula
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latissimis dorsi
extension, adduction and medial rotation at shoulder
-
erector spinae
extension of spine (upright posture)
-
tendons
attaches mm to bone
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aponeurosis
broad flat tendon
-
origin
stationary anchor/ proximal (close to the trunk)
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insertion
attachment that moves during contraction/ distal end
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skeletal muscle
striated, many nuclei, parallel fibers
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cardiac muscle
striated, one nucleus, net like arrangement of fibers, intercerlated disc
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smooth muscle
no striation, little spindle shaped, one nucleus
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superficial fascia (hypodermis)
loose CT
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deep fascia (mysiums)
dense/ coarse CT, wraps mm fibers
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