a number equal to the ratio of product concentrations to reactant concentrations, each raised to the power of its stoichiometric coefficient at some point other than equilibrium
law of mass action
the rules according to which the equilibrium constant expression is formulated
arrhenius acid
the substance that yields H30+ (or H+) ions when dissolved in water
buffer
a solution of a weak acid or base and its SALT
solubility product
the equilibrium constant for the dissolution reaction of an ionic solid
dynamic equilibrium
the condition in which the rate of a forward process is exactly balanced by the rate of a reverse process
Bronsted-Lowry Base
a substance capable of accepting a proton
solubility
the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a specific temperature
Lewis acid
a substance that can accept a pair of electrons
titration
the gradual addition of a solution of accurately known concentration to another solution of unknown concentration until the reaction between the two solutions is complete
conjugate pair
an acid and a base that differ only in the presence of or absence of a proton
pH
the negative logarithm of the hydronium ion concentration
complex ion
an assembly of a metal ion and lewis bases (ligands) bonded to it
amphoteric
capable of behaving as either an acid or a base
ion product
the reaction quotient for a dissolution reactant
Lewis base
an electron-pair donor
precipitate
an insoluble substance that forms in and separates from a solution
entropy
a thermodynamic function associated with the number of different, equivalent energy states or spatial arrangements in which a system may be found
equivalence point!!!!!
the point in a titration when at which the added solute reacts completely with the solute present in the solution
autoionization
the process by which water spontaneously forms low concentrations of H+ and OH-
electrolytic cell
an electrochemical cell in which the redox reaction is not spontaneous
amphiprotic
a chemical species that can act as an acid or as a base
reduction
the gain of electrons
Bronsted-Lowry Base
a proton acceptor
indicator
a substance whose color is sensitive to pH changes
anode
the electrode at which oxidation takes place
polyprotic acid
a molecule that contains more than one acidic hydrogen