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Word Roots
Indicate the part of the body involved
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Suffixes
attached to the end of a word indicating procedure, condition, disorder, or disease
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Prefixes
attached to the beginning of a word indicating location, time, number or status
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Determining meanings of terms
knowledge of word parts helps to decipher medical terms
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MEdical Dictionary
used to define terms
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Pronunciation
using pronunciation system
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Basic Medical Terms
Terms used to describe disease conditions
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dys-
bad, difficult, painful
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-ectomy-
surgical removal of (Excision)
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hypo-
deficient, decreased
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-osis-
abnormal condition or disease
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-ostomy-
creating an artificial opening to the body surface
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-otomy-
surgical incision into
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-rrhaphy-
surgical suturing
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-rrhage-
bleeding, bursting forth
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-rrhea-
flow or discharge
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-sclerosis-
abnormal hardening
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-malacia-
abnormal softening
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-centesis-
surgical puncture to remove fluid
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-stenosis-
abnormal narrowing
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-graphy-
process of producing a picture
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-scopy-
visual examination
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Myel/o
bone marrow, spinal cord
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Poli/o
gray matter of spinal cord and brain
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When to use an 'o'.....
Use an ‘o’ when a suffix begins with a consonant and when combining word roots
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When not to use an 'o'....
Do not use an ‘o’ when the suffix begins with a vowel.
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D/D, DD, DDx
Differential Diagnosis
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Prognosis
probable outcome
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Gastroenteritis
Inflammation of the stomach and intestines
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Diagnosis
Determine the cause of illness
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Syndrome
A group of symptoms running together
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Gastritis
inflammation of the stomach
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Appendectomy
surgical removal of the appendix
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Neuritis
inflammation of a nerve
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Gastrosis
Abnormal condition of the stomach
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Myorrhexis
Rupture of a muscle
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Pyroderma
Feverish, warm skin
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Arteriosclerosis
Abnormal hardening of the arteries
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Rhinorrhea
Drainage from the nose (runny nose)
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Arthritis
Inflammation of a joint
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Cardiotomy
Surgical incision into the heart
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Arthralgia
pain in a joint
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Dermatologist
Physician who specializes in skin related diseases
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Neonatologist
Physician who specializes in new born baby care
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Angiography
Creating a radiographic image of vessels
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Arteriomalacia
Abnormal softening of the arteries
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Abdominocentesis
Puncturing the abdomen to collect fluid
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Pathology
The study of disease
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Pyrosis
An abnormal condition or feeling burning, such as heartburn
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Neuroplasty
The surgical repair of a nerve
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Hemorrhage
Heavy bleeding, bursting forth of blood
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Arterionecrosis
The tissue death of an artery
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Hepatomegaly
Enlarged liver
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Anatomic Reference
To describe location of planes, directions and cavities
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Body Structures
Cells, tissues, glands form body systems to enable proper body functions
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Genetics
Genetic components that are transferred from parent to child
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Tissues
Group of specialized cells working together to perform specific functions
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Glands
Specialized cells capable of producing secretions
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Body Systems and Organs
Parts of body performing specific functions, organized in the body by their function
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Pathology
Study or nature and cause of disease that involve changes in structure and function
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caud/o
lower half of body
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-ologist
one who specializes
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path/o
disease, suffering, emotion
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malacia-
abnormal softening
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-ic, -al, -eal, -tics, -ose
pertaining to
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plasm
formative material of cells
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hyper-
above or excessive
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sclerosis
abnormal hardening
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Midsagittal Plane
Divides the body equally in halves into the left and right side
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Coronal or Frontal Plane
Divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
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Transverse Plane
Divides the body in half at the waist into superior and inferior portions
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- 1-Coronal or Frontal Plane
- 2-Midsagittal Plane
- 3-Transverse Plane
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- 1. Superior (above)
- 2. Cephalic (towards the head)
- 3. Medial (towards the midline)
- 4. Ventral (belly side)
- 5. Distal (farthest from midline or beginning of structure)
- 6. Lateral (away from midline)
- 7. Caudal (towards the bottom)
- 8. Dorsal (back side)
- 9. Inferior (below)
- 10. Proxminal (closest to midline or beginning of structure)
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- 1. Right Hypochondriac region
- 2. Right lumbar region
- 3. Right iliac region
- 4. Hypogastric Region
- 5. Left iliac region
- 6. Left lumbar region
- 7. Left hypochondriac region
- 8. Epigastric region
- 9. Umbilical region
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Anatomy
Study of the structures of the body
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Physiology
Study of the functions of the structures of the body
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Endemic
Presence of disease within a population, group or area
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Epidemic
Widespread outbreak of disease within a population, group or area
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Pandemic
Outbreak of disease over a large geographic area, possibly world wide.
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Endocrine glands
Glands secrete substances directly into the bloodstream
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Exocrine glands
Glands secrete substances into ducts leading into organs or out of the body
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Waterborne
Disease that is transmitted through contaminated water
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Airborne
Disease that is transmitted through air droplets
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Vectorborne
Disease that is transmitted through a bite of a vector
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Foodborne
Disease that is transmitted through contaminated food
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Adenectomy
Surgical removal of a gland
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Adenocarcinoma
Glandular Cancer
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Adenomalacia
Abnormal softening of a gland
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Adenosclerosis
Abnormal hardening of a gland
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Hyperplasia
Excessive formation of
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Aplasia
Without formation
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Dysplasia
Bad or abnormal development
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Etiology
Study of the cause or origin of diseases
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Histology
Study of tissue
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Homeostasis
Maintaining a constant internal environment
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Hyperplasia
Excessive formation
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Hypertrophy
Excessive growth
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Hypergastric
Above the stomach
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Hypoplasia
Undergrowth, underdeveloped
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Inguinal
Refers to the groin, entire lower area of the abdomen
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Peritoneum
Membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and holds the organs in place
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Peritonitis
Inflammation of the peritoneum
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Retroperitoneal
Situated behind the peritoneum. Outside the peritoneum
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Umbilicus
Referring to the belly button
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