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Locate the bones of the hand
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- Haversian canal
- Lengthwise central canal of the osteon enclosing blood vessels and nerves
- compact bone
- Dense bone tissue composed of osteons, which resist pressure and
- shocks and protect the spongy tissue; it forms especially the diaphysis
- of the long bones.
- bone marrow
- Soft substance contained in bone cavities, producing blood cells;
- marrow is red in children, yellow in the long bones of adults.
- osteon
- Elementary cylindrical structure of the compact bone made up of
- four to 20 concentric bone plates that surround the Haversian canal.
- spongy bone
- Tissue made of bony compartments separated by cavities filled with
- bone marrow, blood vessels and nerves; this structure gives bones their
- lightness.
- periosteum
- Fibrous membrane rich in blood vessels that envelopes the bone,
- except at the articular surfaces; it contributes especially to the
- bone’s growth in thickness
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- vastus medialis
- Large deep inner-thigh muscle mainly enabling the knee to extend; it also stabilizes the knee.
- rectus femoris
- Powerful muscle enabling the knee to extend and the thigh to flex on the pelvis.
- sartorius
- Long narrow ribbon-shaped muscle enabling the thigh to flex and to
- rotate outwardly (outside the median axis); it also allows the leg to
- flex.
- adductor longus
- Long muscle enabling the thigh to draw near the median axis of the
- body; it also allows it to rotate outwardly (outside the median axis)
- and to flex.
- tensor of fascia lata
- Thick muscle especially enabling the leg to stretch and the thigh
- to flex and draw away from the median axis of the body; it also
- stabilizes the hip and the knee.
- brachioradialis
- Muscle mainly enabling the forearm to flex on the arm.
- rectus abdominis
- Flat muscle enabling the trunk to flex frontward; it protects and
- enables compression of the internal organs, and aids in expiration.
- external oblique
- Large thin muscle enabling the trunk to flex and to rotate on the
- pelvis and the internal organs to compress; it also aids in expiration.
- deltoid
- Thick triangular muscle drawing the arm away from the median axis
- of the body and directing it toward the front and back until it is
- horizontal.
- masseter
- Masticator muscle enabling the lower jaw to move.
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- soleus
- Thick muscle enabling the foot to extend, the heel to lift off the
- ground and the body to rise; it is a major muscle involved in walking,
- running and jumping.
- gastrocnemius
- Large thick muscle forming the curve of the calf and allowing the foot to extend; it also helps the knee to extend.
- vastus lateralis
- Large outer thigh muscle mainly allowing the knee to extend; it also stabilizes the knee.
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- brachialis
- Powerful muscle enabling the forearm to flex on the arm.
- biceps of arm
- Muscle allowing the forearm to flex and to rotate outwardly (palm
- of the hand toward the front); the biceps contracts while the triceps
- relaxes.
- pectoralis major
- Flat muscle enabling various arm movements, such as drawing it
- near the median axis of the body and rotating it inwardly (toward the
- median axis); it also aids in inhalation.
- trapezius
- Large flat triangular muscle enabling many shoulder movements; it also helps to extend the head.
- sternocleidomastoid
- Powerful muscle enabling the head to flex, to tilt sideways and to rotate.
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- gastrocnemius
- Large thick muscle forming the curve of the calf and allowing the foot to extend; it also helps the knee to extend.
- gracilis
- Muscle enabling the thigh to draw near the median axis of the
- body, and the leg to flex on the thigh and to rotate inwardly (toward
- the median axis).
- biceps of thigh
- Large muscle enabling the leg to flex on the thigh and to rotate
- outwardly (outside the median axis) and the thigh to extend on the
- pelvis.
- semimembranosus
- Flat muscle enabling the thigh to extend on the pelvis, the knee
- to flex, and the thigh and the leg to rotate inwardly (toward the median
- axis).
- semitendinosus
- Long muscle enabling the thigh to extend on the pelvis, the knee
- to flex, and the thigh and the leg to rotate inwardly (toward the median
- axis).
- gluteus maximus
- Thick muscle enabling the hip to extend and to rotate outwardly
- (outside the median axis); it also allows the trunk to return to a
- vertical position.
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- brachioradialis
- Flat muscle primarily enabling the forearm to flex; it also helps
- it to rotate outwardly, bringing the palm of the hand toward the front.
- triceps of arm
- Powerful muscle enabling the forearm to extend on the arm; it contracts whereas the biceps relaxes.
- latissimus dorsi
- Large flat muscle especially enabling the arm to draw near the median axis of the body, to extend and to rotate inwardly.
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- adductor magnus
- Powerful muscle enabling the thigh to draw near the median axis of
- the body, to rotate outwardly (outside the median axis), to flex and to
- extend.
- vastus lateralis
- Large outer thigh muscle mainly allowing the knee to extend; it also stabilizes the knee.
- external oblique
- Large thin muscle enabling the trunk to flex and to rotate on the
- pelvis and the internal organs to compress; it also aids in expiration.
- trapezius
- Large flat triangular muscle enabling many shoulder movements; it also helps to extend the head.
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Name the lobes of the brain
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know the bones of the skull
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