ch 26.txt

fixation or immobility at a joint

examination and possible treatment of a joint through insertion of a small instrument

a joint or juncture between bones or cartilages in the skeleton of a vertebrate

the noise heard when the ends of a broken bone rub together or when fluid is present in the lung

are synthetic hormones similar to testosterone, the male sex hormone. They are used by some athletes, bodybuilders, and others interested in changing the body image to build up muscle strength and mass.

the main or mid section (shaft) of a long bone. It is made up of cortical bone and usually contains bone marrow and adipose tissue (fat).

a test that is used to record the electrical activity of muscles. When muscles are active, they produce an electrical current. This current is usually proportional to the level of the muscle activity. An EMG is also referred to as a myogram.

(plural endostea) is a thin layer of connective tissue that lines the surface of the bony tissue that forms the medullary cavity of long bones.

is the rounded end of a long bone

sheet of fibrous connective tissue separating and supporting muscle

excessive uric acid in the blood

(medulla, innermost part) is the central cavity of bone shafts where red bone marrow and/or yellow bone marrow (adipose tissue) is stored; hence, the medullary cavity is also known as the marrow cavity.

increased convex curvature of the spine in the thoracic region; “hunchback”

is the wider portion of a long bone adjacent to the epiphyseal plate.[1] It is this part of the bone that grows during childhood; as it grows, it ossifies near the diaphysis and the epiphyses. At roughly 18 to 25 years of age, the metaphysis stops growing altogether and completely ossifies into solid bone.

the area of functional contact between the nerve and muscle.

(from the Greek words for "bone" and "broken" is a type of bone cell that removes bone tissue by removing its mineralized matrix and breaking up the organic bone (organic dry weight is 90% collagen). This process is known as bone resorption

a star-shaped cell, is the most abundant cell found in compact bone. Cells contain a nucleus and a thin ring of cytoplasm. When osteoblasts become trapped in the matrix they secrete, they become osteocytes. Osteocytes are networked to each other via long cytoplasmic extensions that occupy tiny canals called canaliculi, which are used for exchange of nutrients and waste through gap junctions. The space that an osteocyte occupies is called a lacuna (Latin for a pit).

(from the Greek words for "bone" and "germ" or embryonic) are mononucleate cells that are responsible for bone formation

is a membrane that lines the outer surface of all bones,[1] except at the joints of long bones.[2] Endosteum lines the inner surface of all bones.

(from Greek: skoliōsis meaning from skolios, "crooked")[1] is a medical condition in which a person's spine is curved from side to side. The spine of an individual with scoliosis may look more like an "S" or a "C" than a straight line.

inflammation of the uveal tract of the eye (iris, ciliary body, and choroid)

abnormal enlargement of tissue or organ due to excessive fat and fibrous tissue