Reproduction

During ........................... a large cell is mitotically cut into many smaller cells w/o growth of cytoplasm between cells

Protosome show a ................................pattern. Their plane of symmetry is ................................... to the verticle axis of the embryo

Deuterostomes have a .......................... pattern. their plane of division is ............../................. to vertical axis of the embryo

Protostomes have a ................ type of development. This means the "future" of embryonic cells is determined .............. on.

Deuterostomes have an .................... type of development. This means the "future" of embryonic cells is determined .................. on. The developmental instructions arise gradually

During .................. the cells migrate from the surface inward to form a cavity, the ......................, that opens to the outside through the ...................

During Gastrulation , ................ germ layers form and you can begin to see the formation of the basic animal body plan, a ...............................

The ............................is the structure that will establish bilateral symmetry, determine the site of gastrulation and initiate germ layer formation in some groups such as chickens and humans (reptiles too)

The blastopore in protostomes will eventually become the..................

The blastopore in deuterostomes will eventually become the ..................

.............................. occurs during gastrulation. In protostomes, solid masses of ............................ split into two to form the coelom. In Deuterostomes, an outpocket of ........... forms the coelom.

...................retain the developing embryo so the amount of ............... within the mammalian egg is smaller than ....................... organisms

prior to meiosis, DNA replication occurs. The cells are known as ...............................

Gametogenesis

Primary Spermatocyte

Secondary Spermatocyte

Four Spermatids

Site of spermatogenic cells where spermatogenesis occurs

spermatogenic cells

immature sperm that lack flagellum. Found in the lumen of seminiferous tubules

immature sperm with flagellum that still need additional maturation

small clumps of cells between the seminiferous tubules that produce testosterone

coiled tube on surface of testies where sperm maturation occurs

duct that is the distal extension of the epididymis

Genes from one parent (mitosis) is ................ reproduction

fusion of 1N gametes inolves genes from two parents (meiosis and then fertilzation) in ...............reproduction

Asexual reproduction: Advantages and Disadvantages

Sexual reproduction: Advantages and Disadvantages

Gametes develop without fertilization in ......... (sorta sexual, sorta asexual). An example is the ................... where males have ............ and females have ........ gametes. This is also in some ................ (some fishes, lizards, amphibians)

Parthenogenesis

Ameiotic

Meiotic

Haplodiploidy

Gametogenesis cycle

The primary sex organs are the ......... of which include the ............ (motile gametes) and the .......... (non-motile gametes)

Spermatotogenesis pathway

Sertoli cells

Oogenesis resembles spermatogenesis but there is .............cell division

Oogenesis Pathyway (Human Menstrual Cycle)

Menstrual Cycle

Estrous Cycle

Oogenesis Pathway (Rat Estrous cycle)

cells capable of undergoing mitosis or meiosis in females

A small, single layered cluster of cells surrounding a developing ovum is a .................. As the .......... develops, it secretes................for the ovum and ...............

Follicles of different sizes with several layers of cells at different stages of oogenesis is a ................. follicle

large follicles that buldge from the surface are ..............

The ............ is contained within a small mass of follicular cells that protrude into an extensive, fluid filled cavity known as the ..............

A ......... is an egg contained within a mature follicle. MAY NOT BE SEEN ON SLIDE B/C ITS OUT OF THE PLANE OF SECTION

The .................... is a large mass of cells formed from the follicle after ovulation that secretes ............. and ...............

we induce the release of gametes of sea urchinese by injecting specific concentrations of .......... in the ................

The union of membranes and the union of nuclei is called ............

External Fertilization

Internal Fertilization

Fast Block pathway

Slow Black pathway

The larval stage of frogs is known as a ................ that is aquatic. It then metamorphosizes into an adult

Fertilization in frogs is ........; eggs and sperm are released into the wate and fertilization must occur...........

Frog Development

the egg of a frog is known as the .......

two cell stage of frog eggs have a cleave plane that extends entirely through the zygote. This is ........................... cleavage. In .......................... cleavage, the cleavage plane does not extend entirely through the zygote

The ................ stage is characterized by the formation of a ...................., a fluid filled cavity.

Externally, the ................ resembles a blastula, but cells are invaginating inward throught the blastopore. the .............. is visible in the blastopore. THREE germ layers form during.........

the process by which the nervous system is formed is the ....................
A .............. and a .................. are formed during this

In reptiles, birds, and mammals, the embryos devleop in a watery cavity called the ..............
Mammals are encased in the ................and nutrition obtained via .........................
Birds and Reptiles are encased within ....... and their nourishment comes from ...... and ............ within egg

The ............ is porous, allowing free diffusion of gases during chick development

the body of a chick embryo is divided into ....... , ............, and ...........

The beginning of the appendages are visible as the ......................................
The ......................... gives rise to wings
The .......................... gives rise to legs

The 4 extra-embryonic membranes of a chick embryo are......

The ........... forms first and encloses the yolk. This will eventually surround the albumen
The ............... is highly vascularized and helps with the uptake of nutrients
There is an exchange of nutrients between the cells of the ............. and the cells that line the gut

The ................ is filled with amniotic fluid and surrounds the embryo. It acts as a .................. and prevents ....................
In addition .................... within membrane contract and help mix amniotic fluid to prevent sticking

The .............. becomes a storage place for nitrogenous waste
chickens store wastes mostly as ................

The .............. and ................ will fuse eventually and be responsible for gas exchange across the egg shell