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what does NAGPRA stand for?
Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act
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define reflexive. what came out of reflexivism?
when you look inward and question yourself. post-processionalism. arch are beginning to be reflexsive, and looking inward, what role do we play in society
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African Burial Ground summary
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our recent ancestors in order
homo habilis, homo ergaster, homo neanderthalensis, homo florensiensis, modern homo sapiens
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what is the name of the major ice bridge between russia and alaska
beringia
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when was the last glacial maximum
18,000 years ago
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what are some of the new methods proposed instead of the clovis method? and who did the clovis method?
channel hopping - erlandson, solutrean - dennis stanford,
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historical particularism
everything is particular to its own society
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where does american archaeology come from and what perspective does it hold?
stems from anthropology and it is etic
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where does european archaeology come from and what perspective does it hold?
stems from history and its emic
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what is solutrean?
the idea that clovis people came originally from the solutrean peoples in europe around 15,000-20,000 years ago Stanford says that they did it by bringing their boats along the ice edge which stretched across the ocean at the time. walrus jaw found in the nearby Chesapeake helps make this conclusion.
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final exam format
4 pages, 2 pages are questions, all either short answer and then 2 short essays, short answer - 1 or 2 words not interpretive thing, on the other 2 pages top sheet - arial view in C2 or from a table of an archaeological site, sorted data and how do you interpret it. 2nd page is an excel chart where each box gets its own column, gives more detail. what happens when multiple lines of evidence converge. and the essay topics are about major topics. starting with methodology on. think about final topic of paper. thinks of types of evidence, and go into each type, and think of keywords that apply to each type.
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what your final paper should be about
post processionalism and importance of multi vocality - issues including women and africans in america and african american ideas about that and how arch is no longer strictly in hands of arch's, imperial finds and evidence,
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native americans as example of current anthro debates, heard idea of manipulation of the past to represent the present, nationalist agenda to co-opt the native american past, and think of nationalism and present is married to the past, debate over NAGPRA over kenniwick man
reason why natives were not hip to letting us co-opt there past, led to debates about peopling of the new world. how modern anthro is happening. changes in theoredical paradime. changes in legislations about remains, changes in origin theories, and histories that are created, post processionalist paradym in guppie in what responsibilities arch's have for the past "stuward"
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who is kenniwick man?
dude found near alaska dating around the time of the biringia bridge, natives and arch's fighting over him, arch's get him since they cannot trade dna back to the natives
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what is a steward
care taker, one who protects, an overseer. no one owns the past but they have a responsibility to guard it when they imperically create it. they own the public more, shouldnt the public care more and understand the validity of native groups about their past more.
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public opinion article - guppie
they are trying to get the people to work with them. just hasnt been done in the united states, survey for 5 main areas - how much do people really know about archaeology,
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what is cultural resource management / heritage management?
a process by which the protection and management of the multitudinous but scarce elements of cultural heritage are given some consideration in a modern world with an expanding population and changing needs
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two issues where CRM work was the culprate?
nagpra and african burial group
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ethnoarchaeology
studying living peoples, with special attention to the relationship of behavior and the material remains
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functionalism
society is an organism with different parts that benefit specific people, try to understand what importance they hold
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emic
we live, who, what, we are. inside perspective. your own world
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etic
outside of our own perspective, nonstructural and objective. what others consider normal
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analogy
resemblance of the function between organisms that have different evolutionary origin. present is an analogy for the past
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ethnocentrism
evaluating other peoples and cultures according to the standard of your own culture
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cultural ecology
study of relationship btw humans and environment
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midden
dumpster for domestic waste
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datum point
permanent spot at site that never moves
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methods of absolute dating
ice core dating ( light/dark bands = diff years) or by pollen in ice, tree-ring dating (rings = diff years), c14 dating (date by the decay of carbon 14),
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paleoethno botony
study of plants
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what happens after death
decompostion, post mortem transport, burial, compaction, chemicals, biologic activity, physical activity, how animals interact with it
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holes in skull
trephination
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2 types of burials
primary, secondary
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ways to be buried
flexed, semi-flexed, extended,
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