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What's the role of a phlebotomist
venipuncture. The process of drawing blood is the most common job.
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what are all the departments you would find in a laboratory?
- microbiology
- coagulation
- immunohematology
- specimen processing
- wave testing
- urinalysis
- toxicologycytology
- special chemistry
- phlebotomy
- hematology
- chemistry
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A pathologist is a
medical doctor
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a medical technician has a
bachelors degree in medical science 4 years of school
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a medical or clinical lab technician
has 2 years of school, an associates position
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a lab assistant has
training
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a phlebotomist has
training
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a registar is a
secretary
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infection control in a lab
washing hands/ removing jewelry
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Isolation procedures
PPE
*gown, gloves
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strict or complete isolation
PPE
gown gloves mask
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Respiratory or Droplet
(relevant disease/condition, PPE)
mask
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contact isolation
gown gloves mask
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Protective isolation or reverse isolation
mask, gloves, gown
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wound or skin isolation
gown gloves
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OSHA stands for:
date established
role in medical field
- Occupational safety and health administration
- 1970
- charged with the safety of workers
- inspect and fine violators
- gave us blood born pathogen standards.
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CDC stands for:
date established
role in medical field
- Centers for disease control
- 1964 (atlanta, GA)
- issued "Universal Precautions"
- promote hand washing
- use PPE
- -Everyone in health treats all blood body fluids as infectious.
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PPE
Personal protective equipment
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HIV stands for
symptoms
- human immunodeficiency virus
- causes immune failure
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Hep B
- Liver affected.
- fatigue, jaudice
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Hep C
- Liver affected. fatigue, jaundice
- -most commonly acquired in healthcare.
- -can lay dormant
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OPIM stands for
Other potentially infectious materials
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All of the following are _____
-no eating or drinking
-food isn't to be stored in a technical fridge
-application of cosmetics is forbidden.
-lab coat should be worn in the lab and stays in the lab-shoes should cover entire foot, and fitted w/non
-slip soles.
-hair longer than shoulder length should be pulled back.
-wash hands often
lab rules
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when should you wash your hands
- before leaving the lab
- handling specimens
- after handling reagents or chemicals
- before eating
- after smoking
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-mouth pipetting is prohibited-keep all exits and isles clear
-keep a clean neat work area-keep approved disinfectant in every area where specimens are handled.
-clean all counters in specimen area daily.
-don't use chipped or broken glassware.-don't operate centrifuge improperly (always follow instructions for safe use)
- all accidents or hazards should be reported to the supervisor immediately.
general safety guidelines
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during fire safety remember...
- RACE: rescue, alarm, contain, extinguish
- & PASS: Pull, allarm, squeeze, sweep
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fire prevention steps
- keep flammables from ignition sources
- no smoking in the work area
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-never touch an electrical device while touching water, or other conductive metal with other body part-never remove the panel from any instrument
- periodically check equipment or loose wire and frayed cord.-minimize the use of extension cords
-all instruments should be grounded.-always use the plug to unplug device (not the cord)
- cover any trailing cords in walkway
-turn off the device before unplugging it
electrical safety
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what does MSDS stand for?
Meterial Safety & Data Sheet.
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Disposal of the entire chemical label includes:
- concentration
- content
- date prepared
- date placed into use
- date of expiration
- storage requirements
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how do you handle spills in this class?
- -inform the instructor or assistant immediately
- -wash area w/water using eye wash or chemical shower
- -any contaminated clothing should be removed ASAP
- -Absorbent materials should be used during clean up procedures. Follow instructors instructions for assisting w/clean up.
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list basic lab equipment
- 1 lab coat
- 2 gloves
- 3 tourniquet
- 4 disinfectants
- 5 bandages
- 6 sharps
- 7 needles
- 8 tubes
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lab coats have
- button-up from neck to hem
- knitted cuffs
- fluid resistant
- OSHA regulation (cleaned off site or disposable
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glove types
- powdered
- nonpowdered
- plastic
- vinyl
- nitril
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disinfectants
- 70% isopropyl alcohol
- 0.5% chlorhexidine gluconate
- povidone iodine
- benzalkonium chloride
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bandages
- 2X2 cotton gauze
- cotton balls
- tape
- coban -sticks to itself
- bandaid (choking hazard for children).
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Sharps disposal
- -all "frossly bloody" materials goes in biohazard containers
- -anything sharp goes in hard side sharps containers
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needles types
- single use, and milti-sample
- both are color coded & many manufactures.
- single use are syringe needles.
- multi-sample are ETS (evacuated Tube System)
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Tubes
- vacuum sealed
- blood flow is automatic
- stop filling when full
- glass is a natural clot activator
- glass is also a sharp
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Order of draw
- 1 light blue
- 2 red series (gold/yellow)
- 3 green series
- 4 lavender
- 5 grey
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needle color for standard size gage
- Green: 21
- black: 22 gage
- Blue:23 gage
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How do you label a blood draw tube?
- 1 patient's full name
- 2 patients DOB
- 3 patients MRN (medical records number)
- 4 date of draw
- 5 time of draw
- 6 phlebotomist's initials
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greeting the patient
- NEVER ask "how are you"
- -identify yourself (my name is ___ I'm from the lab)
- -explain what you are about to do (I'm here to take your blood"
- -wait for implied consent (give you their arm or ask for it)
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positively identify the patient
- two identifiers
- 1)name and DOB
- 2) ID band for inpatient
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where should you apply the tourniquet?
3-4 inches above anecubital (AC) area
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selecting the vein
- -palpate both AC (anecubital) areas before deciding
- -1st choose median cubital
- -2nd choose the cephalic
- -3rd choose the basillic
*landmark site selected
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why do you release the tourniquet?
reduction in hemoconcentration
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how to you cleanse the cite
- 70% isopropyl alcohol
- concentric circles out from center area
- allow to fully dry before proceeding
- use fancy phlebotomy trick (gauze fold) r
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assemble and inspect all supplies and equipment before draw
- -needle attached to hub
- -gauze & tube on non-dominant side close to draw area
*Apply gloves (latex or non latex)
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why do we re-apply the tourniquet before the draw?
- vasodialation occurs
- aids in ability to feel vain.
- Can't palpate w/out tourniquet
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What are the MSDS guidelines?
- 1 disposal of entire chemicals
- 2 disposed into labeled waste containers
- 3 handled by instructors or assistant
- 4 only certain chemicals can go down the sink
- 5 if you don't know ask
- 6 all reagents must be properly labeled.
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RACE:
- Rescue individuals from danger,
- alarm the fire alarm,
- confine the fire by closing all doors and windows, extinguish the fire w/extinguisher
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PASS:
- Pull pin,
- Aim nozzel,
- Squeeze trigger,
- Sweep nozzel
p 92
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paper wood fires are put out w/
water, dry powder, dry chemicals
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put out a liquid, chemical fire with
CO2, dry powder, foam, dry chemicals
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put out electrical fires w
CO2, dry chemicals
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put out combustibles w/
dry powder
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