-
Intramural thrombi of heart
overlie the M.I.
-
Valvular thrombi of heart
mimic endocarditis
-
arterial thrombi
- attach to walls
- causes atherosclerosis
- can be found in aneurysms
-
venous thrombi
- in dialated veins
- - poor return
- -standing all day
-
microvascular thrombi
- typical of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
- --> systemic, clotting system going crazy, inappropriate clots, many causes
amniotic fluid emboli -> postpartum DIC
-
Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT)
Predisposed by Virchow's Triad
can lead to pulmonary embolism ( elderly on flights)
-
Virchow's triad
- 1. Stasis
- 2. Hypercoagulability (other inflam. events going on at the same time)
- 3. Endothelial damage - clot head upstream and get caught
-
-
White/pale imfarct
typical of arterial occlusion
-
Red/hemorrhagic infarct
venous obstruction
-intestines and testis
-
Shock
3 possible mechanisms
decrease C.O.
- 1. Pump failure (cardiogenic shock)
- 2. Loss of fluid from circulation (hypovolemic)
- 3. Loss of periph. vascular tone (hypotensive)
-
Symptoms of shock
- hypotension
- edema
- oliguria
- dyspnea
-
Stages of shock
- 1. Early/compensated shock
- 2. Decompensated but reversible
- 3. Irreversible
-
Compensated
- Tachycardia
- Vasoconstriction
- reduced urine production
-
Decomp reversible
- hypotension
- tachypnea, SOB
- Oliguria
- Acidosis
-
Irreversible Shock
- Circulator Collapse
- hypoperfusion of organs
- loss of vital fxns
-
Massive hemorrhage
- <500 ml - homeostatic compensation
- 1-1.5L - circulatory shock
- >1.5 L - Lethal
-
hematoma
tissue compression
-
intracerebral hemorrhage
stroke, death
-
chronic hemorrhage
slow blood loss, iron deficiency
-
Exudate Edema
- high protien/blood cells
- Inflamation
- gravity >1
-
Transudate edema
- less protein/cells
- typical of hydrostatic or osmotic pressure pathology
- gravity <1
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