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ADHD is specifically a disorder of _____
childhood
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how is ADHD diagnosed in children
displays of inattention, hyperactivity, or both
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difficulty paying attention to details or easily distracted are examples of
inattention
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children with ADHD suffer from _____
disorganization
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2 core symptoms of ADHD
inattention and hyperactivity
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_____ is manifested by rapid shifts in attention from topic to topic and have difficulty keeping concentration on one idea
inattention
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_____ generally results in difficulty with remaining in one place
hyperactivity
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how can hyperactivity like symptoms be distinguished from normal school aged children
symptoms are frequent and recur in a variety of settings
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along with symptom requirements for ADHD the impairment must be present before the age ____
7
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what is the challenge for managing ADHD
there is NO specific test for diagnosing the disorder
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most common psychostimulant medication for ADHD
Ritalin
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adjustment disorder with depressed mood; is the most common form of mood problems in children, usually occurs in response to rejection, a slight letdown, or a loss.
reactive depression
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a serious concern in a child with mood disorders or depression
suicide thoughts or attempts
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major depressive disorder in children is characterized by episodes that last how long?
7-9 months
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depressed children are more likely to express symptoms of ____ & _____
anxiety and somatization
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an affected child is depressed most the day, on most days and continues through several years with prolonged mood depression
dysthymia
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when depressed children are irritable it can lead to ____ behavior
aggresive
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mood disorder in which episodes of depression alternate with episodes of mania
bipolar disorder
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mania in older children is often associated with high levels of:
energy and activity
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bipolar disorder is often misdiagnosed as ____ & ____ in children
hyperactivity and ADHD
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a chronic illness in children characterized by recurrences and if developed before puberty risk for mental disorder development is higher
depression
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the only anxiety disorder unique to children
separation anxiety
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term used to describe symptoms that occur when children are forced to separate from a parent, usually mom.
separation anxiety
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when does separation anxiety usually manifest
during bedtime
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what is separation anxiety often associated with
fear and depression
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termed overanxious disorder of childhood in children
generalized anxiety disorder
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children with the persistent fear of being embarrassed in social situations, or when they perceive they are being judged by others during speech, recitation, or recital.
social phobia
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physical reactions of social phobia
- palpitations
- tremors
- sweating
- diarrhea
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pharmacotherapy treatment for separation anxiety disorders in children
SSRI
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2 most common developmental disorders in children
autism and aspergers syndrome
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characterized by profound lack of interest in social interactions
autism
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what do autistic children usually resist?
- eye contact
- touch
- most kinds of interpersonal contact
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a common finding of interest that autistic children engage in?
repetitive behaviors
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what types of things are autistic children most fascinated with
rotating objects
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characteristics for autistic children
spinning and rocking back and forth for long periods
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because autistic children don't respond well to physical illness, what is a nurse or caregivers responsibility
be observant when something is wrong and take action
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haloperidol is what class of drug
antipsychotic
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disorder characterized with children born with very small heads at birth and then develop rapid head growth and brain while growing
autism
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developmental disorder characterized by a combination of severe impairments in social interaction with highly repetitive patterns of interests and behaviors
aspergers syndrome
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what is there to gain with children who have aspirers?
they gain a lot of knowledge bc of their narrow range of topics
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what characteristic differs autism and aspergers
- autistic children avoid social interaction
- aspergers children have receptive and expressive language
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what is the main deficit in aspirers?
the inability to respond verbal and nonverbal cues to regulate social interaction
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common disruptive disorders characterized by antisocial behaviors and is a result of more socially deviant behaviors
- oppositional defiant disorder
- conduct disorder
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characterized by behaviors such as persistent fighting, arguing, easily annoyed, deliberately annoying, or vindicitve
ODD
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children with ____ repeatedly lose their temper, argue with adults, deliberatly refuse to comply, and blame others for own mistakes
ODD
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ODD can sometimes be a precursor to ____ bc children are often stubborn and often test an adults limits
conduct disorder
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there is a risk for emerging ODD if the age persists during what age
4-5 or older
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shows a pattern of cruelty and disrespect for the rights of others and are capable violence and murder
conduct disorder
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many children who have conduct disorder possibly also have _____
ODD
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disruptive disorder that behaves aggressively by fighting, bullying, cruelty, intimidating, or physically insulting to animals or people
conduct disorder
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lithium, ritalin, carbamazipine, clonidine are are effective drug Tx for:
conduct disorder
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when assessing a child for disruptive disorders when should assessment take place.
after family assessment
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assessment process for a child depends on what
developmental level and age
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outcome for caring for a child
establish realistic and acheiavble goals
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