MT-Navigating the body

• From top to bottom
• (Anterior View)

Facial

Mandibular

Supraclavicular

Pectoral

Axillary

Brachial

Cubital

Antecubital

Palmar

Abdominal

Inguinal

Pubic

Femoral

Patellar

Crural

Dorsal

Planter

(Posterior view)

Cranial

Cervical

Acromial

Scapular

Thoracic

Lumbar

Sacral

Pelvic

Gluteal

Carpal

Dorsal

Popliteal

Sural

• 
• Sagittal plane: divides body to left/right
• Terms for mapping: medial and lateral
• Actions taken on this plane: flexion and extension

• Frontal(coronal) plane: divides body into front/back
• Terms for mapping: Anterior and posterior
• Actions taken on this plane: adduction and abduction

• Transverse plane: Divides body into upper/lower
• Terms for mapping: Superior and inferior
• Actions taken on this plane: roation

Superior:Closer to the head

Inferior: Closer to feet

Cranial: closer to head (referring to structures on trunk)

Caudal: closer to buttocks (referring to structures on trunk)

Posterior: Further towards the back

Anterior: further towards the front

Medial: closer to the sagittal

Lateral: further from the sagittal

Distal: further away from the trunk or midline(in reference to appendages)

Proximal: closer to the trunk or midline(in reference to appendages)

Superficial: Closer to the surface of the body

Deep: deeper in the body

Extension: movement that straightens or opens joint

Flexion: movement that bends joints or brings bones closer together

Adduction: movement that brings limb to toward midline

Abduction: movement away from midline

Medial Rotation: movement of limbs toward midline

Lateral Rotation: movement of limbs away from midline

Rotation: movement of the axial skeleton on the transverse plane

Circumduction: Sone shape movement by shoulder and hip joints

Lateral flexion: flexion of the axial skeleton

Elevation: movement superiorly

Depression: movement inferiorly

supanation: pivoting of hands or feet (palms up)

pronation: pivoting of hands or feet (palms down)

Inversion: turn feet inward

Eversion: turn feet outward

Planter flexion: toes pointing downward

Dorsiflexion: toes pointing upward

Protraction: movement anteriorly (scapula, clavicle, jaw, head)

Retraction: movement poseriorly(scapula, clavicle, jaw, head)

Deviation: wander from usual course

Opposition: when thumbpad crosses palm toward pinky

• Axial Skeleton-Anterior View
• Cranial

Facial portion

Mandible

Clavicle vertebrae

Sternum

Ribs

Lumbar Vertabrae

Pelvis

Sacrum

Coccyx

• Appendicular Skeleton-Anterior View
• Clavicle

Scapula

Humerus

Ulna

Radius

Carpals

Metacarpals

Phalanges

Femur

Patella

Tibia

Fibula

Tarsals

Metatarsals

Phalanges

• Axial Skeleton-Posterior View
• Cranium

Mandible

Cervical Vertebrae

Thoracic Vertebrae

Lumbar Vertebrae

Sacrum

Pelvis

Coccyx

• Appendicular Skeleton-Posterior View
• Clavicle

Scapula

Humerus

Ulna

Radius

Carpals

Metacarpals

Phalanges

Femur

Patella

Tibia

Fibula

Talus

Calcaneus

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial

Synovial joints include;

Ball-and-socket (Glenohumeral) joint

Ellipsoid (radiocarpal) joint

Hinge (humeroulnar) joint

saddle (carpal) joint

Gliding (carpals in wrist) joint

pivot (atlantoaxial) joint