Chapter 14: Gastrointestinal System; Diagnostic Terms

inflammation of the mouth

inflammation of the salivary gland

inflammation of the parotid gland; also called mumps

inflammation of lip

inflammation of the tongue

tongue-tie; a defect of the tongue characterized by a short, thick frenulum

inflammation of the gums

swollen, twisted veins in the esophagus especially susceptible to ulceration and hemorrhage

inflammation of the esophagus

inflammation of the stomach

backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, often as a result of abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter; causes burning pain in the esophagus

narrowed condition of the pylorus

a sore on the mucous membrane of the stomach, duodenum, or any other part of the gastrointestinal system exposed to gastric juices; commonly caused by infection with helicobacter pylori bacteria

ulcer located in the stomach

ulcer located in the duodenum

inflammation of the stomach and small intestine

inflammation of the small intestine

inflammation of the lower portion of the small intestine

inflammation of the colon (large intestine)

chronic inflammation of the colon along with ulcerations

a by-way; an abnormal side pocket in the gastrointestinal tract usually related to lack of dietary fiber

presence of diverticula in the gastrointestinal tract, especially in the bowel

inflammation of diverticula

inflammation of the intestine characterized by frequent, bloody stools, most often caused by bacteria or protozoa

inflammation of the appendix

protrusion of a part from its normal location

protrusion of part of the stomach upward through the hiatal opening in the diaphragm

protrusion of a loop of the intestine through layers of the abdominal wall in the inguinal region

hernia that is constricted, cut off from circulation, and likely to become gangrenous

protrusion of the intestine through a weakness in the abdominal wall around the umbilicus (navel)

prolapse of one part of the intestine into the lumen of the adjoining part

twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction

multiple polyps in the intestine and rectum with a high malignancy potential

tumor on a stalk

inflammation of the rectum and anus

abnormal tube-like passageway from the anus that may connect with the rectum

swollen, twisted vein in the anal region

inflammation of the peritoneum

inflammation of the liver

infectious inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), usually transmitted orally through fecal contamination of food or water

infectious inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that is transmitted sexually or by exposure to contaminated blood or body fluids

inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmitted by exposure to infected blood

chronic disease characterized by degeneration of liver tissue, most often caused by alcoholism or a nutritional deficiency

inflammation of the bile ducts

inflammation of the gallbladder

presence of stones in the gallbladder or bile ducts

presence of stones in the common bile duct

inflammation of the pancreas