-
What is a kinetichore?
a protein area located on the centromere where the microtubules will attach
-
When does DNA replication occur?
during the S subphase of Interphase
-
In which phase of mitosis are both sister chromatids attached to the microtubules?
metaphase
-
In which phase of mitosis are the chromosomes lined up at the metaphase plate?
metaphase
-
In which phase of mitosis are the chromosomes pulled towards the opposite poles?
anaphase
-
Which phase of mitosis is the shortest?
anaphase
-
Which phase of mitosis is the longest?
metaphase
-
What occurs during cytokinesis?
division of the cytoplasm
-
What is a homologous pair?
a single set of chromosomes, one from mom and one from dad, that code for the same traits
-
What is a replicated homologous pair?
a set of chromosomes with 2 sister chromatids each (total of 4 chromatids)
-
What are non-sister chromatids?
two chromatids that are part of a replicated homologous pair that are not identical
-
What are sister chromatids?
two identical replicated chromosomes
-
In which phase of meiosis I are the homologous chromosomes attached to the microtubules?
metaphase I
-
In which phase of meiosis I do we see "crossing over?"
prophase I
-
In which phase of meiosis I do we see chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate?
metaphase I
-
In which phase of meiosis I do the homologous chromosomes separate and pull towards opposite poles?
anaphase I
-
In which phase of meiosis II do chromosomes line up at metaphase plate?
metaphase II
-
In which phase of meiosis II do we see the separation of sister chromatids?
anaphase II
-
In which phase of meiosis II do the sister chromatids pull toward opposite poles?
anaphase II
-
In which phase of meiosis II do the microtubules attach?
metaphase II
-
How many chromosomes will cells contain following DNA replication?
46, but each chromosome has two sister chromatids
-
At the end of meiosis I, are the cells that result haploid or diploid, and how many chromosomes do they contain?
haploid, 23 with sister chromatids
-
At the end of meiosis II are the resulting cells haploid or diploid, and how many chromosomes do they contain?
haploid, 23
-
Which process exhibits a greater number of nuclear divisions, mitosis or meiosis?
meiosis has 2, while mitosis only 1
-
Which process, mitosis or meiosis, results in fewer daughter cells?
mitosis has 2 daughter cells, while meiosis has 4
-
Which process, mitosis or meiosis, results in diploid daughter cells?
mitosis
-
Which process results in genetically identical daughter cells, mitosis or meiosis?
mitosis
-
List the phases of mitosis and meiosis that are similar?
- prophase
- metaphase
- anaphase
- telophase
-
What is a genetic character?
an inheritable feature among individuals
-
What is a trait?
variations in a genetic character
-
How is a trait different from a character?
- a character is feature such as eye color
- a trait is the variation of the feature such as blue, brown, or green
-
When a phenotype can be determined by more than one allele, it is known as:
multiple alleles
-
What happens when nondisjunction occurs?
an improper separation of chromosomes during meiosis
-
If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis I, what chromosomal distribution will your gametes have?
-
If nondisjuntion occurs during meiosis II, what chromosomal distribution will you have?
-
In which phase of meiosis, I or II, will nondisjunction result in 100% of the gametes being abnormal?
meiosis I
-
What sugar is part of the DNA backbone?
deoxyribose
-
At which carbon will the phosphate attach to deoxyribose?
5' carbon
-
How does one sugar-phosphate (A) connect to the next sugar-phosphate (B)?
phosphate of A covalently bonds to the 3' carbon of B
-
To which carbon do the nucleotides attach?
1' carbon
-
What enzyme unwinds DNA?
helicase
-
What enzyme adds nucleotides to the new DNA strand?
DNA polymerase III
-
What enzyme will fill in the blanks after the primers are removed?
DNA polymerase I
-
Where does translation occur?
in the cytoplasm
-
How do the nucleotides actually pair up?
purine + pyrimadine
-
What is the function of primase?
to manufacture the short RNA primer
-
What role does topoisomerase play in the DNA unwinding process?
it moves ahead of helicase, breaking hydrogen bonds, and releasing tension in the strand
-
What type of bond connects the complementary bases?
hydrogen bonds
-
What role do spliceosomes play in RNA processing?
they "cut out" the introns and link together the exons
-
What is the function of single strand binding protein?
to stabilize the DNA strands after helicase has separated them, and keep them held apart
|
|
