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What two functional groups combine to form an amino acid?
an amino group and a carboxyl group
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Monosaccharides are multiples of what molecule?
CH2O
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In what organisms would you find cellulose?
plants
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How does cellulose contribute to the human diet?
in the form of insoluble fiber
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Which type of fat will have double bonds in it's fatty acid tail, saturated or unsaturated?
unsaturated
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Do saturated fats have straight, or bent tails?
straight tails
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This type of fat has bent fatty acid tails.
unsaturated fatty acids
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Will saturated fats be liquid, or solid at room temperature?
solid
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Will unsatured fats be liquid, or solid at room temperature?
liquid
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What are the four primary functions of the cell membrane, as discussed in lecture?
- physical isolation of environments
- regulation of exchange
- sensitivity to environment
- structural support
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What is diffusion?
the movement of solutes from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
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Moving a liquid across a porous membrane leaving behind larger particles is known as:
filtration
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What is osmosis?
the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
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The main tenet of osmosis is that water will follow:
solutes
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How does osmotic pressure affect osmosis?
the higher the pressure, the less osmosis can occur
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What is a hypertonic solution?
a solution with a higher concentration of solutes
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What is a hypotonic solution?
a solution with a lower concentration of solutes
-
A solution with an equal concentration of solutes is said to be a _________ solution.
isotonic
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What will happen to a red blood cell in an isotonic solution.
nothing, it will exhibit no net movement of water
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What will happen to a red blood cell in a hypotonic solution?
water will move into the cell, causing cell lysis
-
A red blood cell that is undergoing crenation is most likely in what type of solution?
hypertonic
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What does a symport do?
it moves two solutes across the cell membrane in the same direction
-
A channel in the cell membrane that moves two solutes in opposite directions is called a/an:
antiport
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The process that brings "stuff" inside a cell is known as:
endocytosis
-
The process that takes "stuff" out of the cell is known as:
exocytosis
-
Pinocytosis can be thought of as:
cell drinking
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Phagocytosis is the process of:
cell eating
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What is/are the functions of ribosomes?
they are the location of protein synthesis
-
List the structures that comprise the endomembrane system.
- nuclear envelope
- endoplasmic reticulum
- golgi apparatus
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What are the three major functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum discussed in lecture?
- fat or lipid synthesis
- metabolize carbohydrates
- detoxification processes
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What are the two major function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum that were discussed in lecture?
- protein synthesis
- make components of the cellular membrane
-
Which side of the Golgi apparatus faces the endoplasmic reticulum?
the cis side
-
The side of the Golgi apparatus that faces the plasma membrane is known as the:
trans side
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What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
it is the processing, packaging, and distribution center of the cell
-
What type of vesicle leaves the ER headed for the Golgi?
a transport vesicle
-
The Golgi dispatches materials bound for the plasma membrane in what type of vesicle?
a secretory vesicle
-
What is the function of mitochondria?
site of ATP synthesis
-
What is the equation that represents cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
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Does oxidation involve the gain or loss of electrons?
the gain of electrons
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Reduction results in a _____ of electrons.
loss
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What is/are the beginning substrates of glycolysis?
glucose
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What is/are the beginning substrates of the transition reaction?
2 pyruvates
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What are the beginning substrates of the Krebs cycle?
-
What are the beginning substrates of oxidative phosphorylation?
-
What are the end products of glycolysis?
-
What are the end products of the transistion reaction?
-
What are the end products of the Krebs cycle?
-
What is/are the end products of oxidative phosphorylation?
ATP
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Which two phases of cellular respiration each produce two ATP?
glycolysis and the Krebs cycle
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How many ATP are produced during the transition reaction?
none
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Oxidative phosphorylation produces how many ATP?
32-34
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What are the byproducts of glycolysis?
2 H2O
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What are the byproducts of the transition reaction?
2 CO2
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What are the byproducts of the Krebs cycle?
4 CO2
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What are the byproducts of oxidative phosphorylation?
4 H2O
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