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Thyroid more and diuretics
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What are the Thyroid hormones three actions
stimulation of energy use
simulation of the heart
promotion of growth and development
Four steps in Thyroid hormone synthesis
1. Uptake of iodide by the thyroid
2. Conversion of iodide to iodine
3. Linking of iodine to tyrosine
4. Coupling of two iodinated tyrosines to form T3 and T4
Low plasma levels of iodine stimulate synthesis of
T3 and T4
High ceiling diuretics
(loop diuretics)
block sodium and chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle
High ceiling diuretics produce the
greatest diuresis
Conditions that justify the use of furosemide include
pulmonary edema associated w/ HF
edema of hepatic, cardiac, or renal origin that has been unresponsive to less efficacious diuretics
Hypertension
High ceiling diuretics can cause
Hyponatremia
Hypochloremia
dehydration
High ceiling diuretics can cause hypOtension by
decreasing blood volume and
relaxing venous smooth muscle
High ceiling diuretics can cause_____which is usually reversible
Ototoxicity (hearing loss)
What is a special problem for pts taking digoxin
Hypokalemia caused by high-ceiling diuretics
Thiazide diuretics
block sodium and water reabsorption in early distal convoluted tubule
Thiazide diuretics produce less
diuresis than high-ceiling diuretics
Therapeutic uses of Thiazide diuretics
essential hypertension
mobilization of edematous fluid
Like high ceiling diuretics, Thiazide can cause
dehydration
hypokalemia
dose not cause hearing loss
Thiazide -induced hypokalemia is a special problem for pts taking
digoxin
Thiazide diuretics can cross the
placental barrier to produce fetal harm directly
Potassium-sparing diruetics
act by directly or indirectly blocking sodium-potassium "exchange" in the distal convoluted tubule
Potassium sparing diuretics cause only
modest diuresis
What are the two subcategories of potassium-sparing diuretics
Aldosterone antagonists
Nonaldosterone antagonists
Potassium-sparing diuretics are used primarily to
counteract potassium loss in pts taking high ceiling diuretics or thiazides
adverse effect of potassium-sparing diuretics
HypERkalemia
what are the 4 compounds of Osmotic diuretics
Mannitol
Urea
Glycerin
Isosorbide
Out of the 4 compounds of Osmotic diuretics which one is used for diuretic actions
Mannitol
Mannitol promotes
diuresis by creating an osmotic force within the lumen of the nephron
Mannitol can preserve
urine flow and may thereby prevent renal failure
What can be reduced with Mannitol
Intracranial pressure (ICP) that has elevated by cerebral edema
Mannitol and other osmotic agents can
Lower intraocular pressure
Adverse effect of mannitol is seen when
mannitol leaves the vascular system
*it draws water along, causing edema
Author
LaurenFleming
ID
95331
Card Set
Thyroid more and diuretics
Description
notes from outline
Updated
2011-07-26T23:52:31Z
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