Mitosis.txt

rod-shaped structures made of DNA and proteins

DNA in eukaryotic cells wraps tightly around proteins

half of the chromosome, each chromosome consists of two identical halves

the point where 2 chromatids are attached

less tightly coiled DNA- protein complex

chromosomes that determine the sex of an organism; may also carry genes for other characteristics

all of the other chromosomes in an organism

two copies of each autosome are called H.C. or homologues, these are the same

photomicrograph of the chromosomes in a normal dividing cell found in a human

cells having two sets of chromosomes

cells that contain only one set of chromosomes examples sperm/egg cells

the division of a prokaryotic cell into two offspring

new cells with genetic material that is identical to the genetic material of the original cell, occurs in organisms under going growth, development, repair, or sexual reproduction

production of offspring from one parent

occurs during the formation of gametes, which are haploid reproductive cells it reduces the chromosome number by half in new cells

haploid reproductive cells

time between cell divisons, divided into 3 phases

the division of the cells cytoplasm

the first phase of mitosis

microtubules radiate from the centrosomes in preparation for metaphase

second phase of mitosis

third phase, chromatids of each chromosome seperate at the centeromere and slowly move, centromere first, toward opposite poles of the dividing cell. After the chromatids seperate, they are considered to be individual chromosomes

phase 4 after the chromosomes reach opposite ends of the cell, the spindle fibers disassemble, and the chromosomes return to a less tightly coiled chromatin state. A nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes, and a nucleolus forms in each of the newly forming cells

in plant cells where vesicles from the Golgi Apparatus join together at the dividing cell