-
Chromosome
rod-shaped structures made of DNA and proteins
-
Histone
DNA in eukaryotic cells wraps tightly around proteins
-
Chromatid
half of the chromosome, each chromosome consists of two identical halves
-
Centromere
the point where 2 chromatids are attached
-
Chromatin
less tightly coiled DNA- protein complex
-
Sex Chromosome
chromosomes that determine the sex of an organism; may also carry genes for other characteristics
-
Autosome
all of the other chromosomes in an organism
-
Homologous Chromosome
two copies of each autosome are called H.C. or homologues, these are the same
-
Karyotype
photomicrograph of the chromosomes in a normal dividing cell found in a human
-
Diploid
cells having two sets of chromosomes
-
Haploid
cells that contain only one set of chromosomes examples sperm/egg cells
-
Binary Fission
the division of a prokaryotic cell into two offspring
-
Mitosis
new cells with genetic material that is identical to the genetic material of the original cell, occurs in organisms under going growth, development, repair, or sexual reproduction
-
Asexual Reproduction
production of offspring from one parent
-
Meiosis
occurs during the formation of gametes, which are haploid reproductive cells it reduces the chromosome number by half in new cells
-
Gamete
haploid reproductive cells
-
Interphase
time between cell divisons, divided into 3 phases
-
Cytokineses
the division of the cells cytoplasm
-
Prophase
the first phase of mitosis
-
Spindle Fibers
microtubules radiate from the centrosomes in preparation for metaphase
-
Metaphase
second phase of mitosis
-
Anaphase
third phase, chromatids of each chromosome seperate at the centeromere and slowly move, centromere first, toward opposite poles of the dividing cell. After the chromatids seperate, they are considered to be individual chromosomes
-
Telophase
phase 4 after the chromosomes reach opposite ends of the cell, the spindle fibers disassemble, and the chromosomes return to a less tightly coiled chromatin state. A nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes, and a nucleolus forms in each of the newly forming cells
-
Cell Plate
in plant cells where vesicles from the Golgi Apparatus join together at the dividing cell
|
|