Chapter 4 vocab

• Loose collections of people
• Social categories
• Task groups
• Intimacy groups

hierarchical style of leadership in which the leader gives orders to group members in order to achieve the goals of the group

ability to inspire commitment to a particular point of view or set of goals through an engaging personality and persuasive style of communication

extent to which group members are attracted to the group

group members tend to come together because they share the same goals

Fiedler (1965) proposed that whether a socio-emotional or task-oriented leadership style is effective depends on how much situational control the leader has over the group

interactive style of leadership in which the leader discusses their plans with group members and makes them part of the decision-making process

tendency perceivers have to assume that if others are present, they will take personal responsibility for the situation, absolving the perceiver of personal responsibility

proposes that social facilitation and inhibition are consequences of conflict experienced by the participant between the task at hand and attending to others in the immediate surroundings

Zajon (1965) proposed that the mere presence of others increases physiological arousal which, in turn, enhances performance of well-learned and automatic response tendencies

• extent to which a collection of individuals are perceived as 'group-like'
• a group has entitativity if it is cohesive, interconnected and similar, shares common goals and involves physical interaction

treating each group member as a respected individual, delegating projects to them and coaching them in order to help them develop new skills

encouraging group members to think in new ways in order to solve problems faced by the group

extent to which group members are linked together by an underlying common bond

distant style of leadership in which the leader rarely intervenes in the activities of the group

individual who holds a position of power and influence and has primary responsibility for determining the direction and goals of a group

proposes that effective leaders will be those that have a high quality exchange relationship with their group members

the actions a leader takes in order to help group members achieve their goals

• respondents indicate how much they like the people they have worked with on a number of dimension
• those that rate their LPC relatively positively (high-LPC) have a socio-emotional style
• those who rate their LPC relatively negatively (low-LPC) have a task-focused style

statistical technique which allows researchers to integrate the results of many different studies to see if a trend is found consistently across those studies

• social psychologists have found that people with certain personality traits are more aggressive - irritability, rumination, emotional susceptibility, low on agreeableness
• certain personality traits - confidence, extraversion, conscientiousness - are associated with people in positions of leadership

groups tend to emphasize the similarities between group members and de-emphasize differences

a leader has situational control to the extent that (1) leader-member relations are positive, (2) group tasks are well structured and (3) the leader has legitimate authority over their followers

tendency for people to perform better when in front of an audience

in certain situations, the presence of an audience can have a detrimental effect on performance

tendency for individuals to reduce the amount of effort they put in as group size increases

style of leadership in which the leader concentrates on ensuring positive interpersonal dynamics within the group

• factor which determines whether social facilitation or social inhibition occurs
• an audience improves performance on simple tasks but inhibits performance on complex tasks

leader concentrates on achieving goals of the group by effectively carrying out tasks

exceptional leader who motivates group members to abandon self-interest in order to work for group goals, often transforming the attitudes, behavior, direction and goals of a group