A&P Blood

Makes up 55% of blood

Liquid matrix of the blood

92% water - 8% ionic salts and organic molecules

Transport O2, CO2, and nutrients

Defense against pathogens and blood loss

Regulation of body temperature and pH

Help maintain osmotic pressure and pH

Provide nutrients to cells

Organic molecules

Nitrogenous Waste

Organic molecule

Albumins, Globulins, Fibrinogin, Antibodies, and Hormones

Maintains osmotic pressure

Provide immunity

Assists with clotting

Formation of blood cells and platelets

Red blood cells that differentiate into blood cells

4-5 million/mm

Each cell contains 200 million (Hg) hemoglobin molecules

Transport O2

No nucleus

Bright red

Hg that has combined with O2

Found in lungs

Maroon color

Hg that is not combined with O2

Found in tissues

5,000-10,000/mm

Larger than RBCs

Fight infection and destroy dead and dying cells (kill cancer cells)

Erythropoietin stimulates mitosis of stem cells to speed up the production and maturation of RBCs

Released when RBCs are low (hemorrhage or disease)

Formed by stem cells in red bone marrow

Produce their own growth factor that circulates from the blood to the bone marrow to stimulate their own production

Agranular (2 types)

Granular (3 types)

Most abundant of the WBCs

First to respond to infection (macrophages)

Granular Leukocyte

Respond to parasitic worm infections

Granular Leukocyte

Respond to allergens by releasing histamine and heparin

Granular Leukocyte

B - produce antibodies against antigens

T - directly attack and destroy pathogens

Agranular Leukocyte

Largest of WBCs

Reside in tissues

Phagocytize pathogens, old cells, and cellular debris

Stimulate other WBCs to defend the body

Agranular Leukocyte

150,000 - 300,000/mm

Fragments of cells

200 billion formed a day

no nucleus

live for only ten days unless they are used sooner

Cessation of bleeding

• 1 - tissue damage
• 2 - vascular spasm
• 3 - platelet plug formation
• 4 - coagulation begins
• - a - prethrombin activator
• - b - prethrommbin release
• - c - thrombin release
• - d - fibrinogen
• - e - fibrin
• - f - blood clot formation

1 - Arterial end - blood pressure highest

2 - Midsection and Capillary Bed - Diffusion is the greatest

3 - Venous end - osmotic pressure is the greatest

System of one way vessels

Absorb excess tissue fluid at the site of blood capillaries

Intertwined with blood capillaries

Empty into the subclavian veins

Localized swelling that occurs when tissue fluid accumulates in the body

Can be caused by increased capillary permiability, decreased tissue uptake, or increased venous pressure

Clumping of RBCs

Can be cause by transfusion of the wrong bllod type

Antigen - forign substance

Antibody - protein produced in response to an antigen

- A antigen

+ Anti-B antibodies

- B antigen

+ Antti-A antibodies

- O antigens

+Anti-A and B antibodies

Universal Donor

- A or B antigens

+ no antibodies

Universal Recipient

Transfusion with the persons own blood

Occurs when a Rh - woman concieves a Rh + infant

Mother is given Rhogan injections

Low RBCs of insufficient Hg on the RBCs

Hereditary disorder where the RBCs are "sickle shaped"

Low WBC count

Cancer with uncontrolled production of WBCs

Low platelet count

Deficient clotting

Stationary clot

Moving clot

Embolism in the brain

Embolism that causes a heart attack

Embolism blocking the pulmonary artery

Iron-containing protion of an Hg molecule

12-15 grams/cubic mm

Pigment of red blood cells responsible for O2 transport

35-45% of blood

Formed elements of blood

RBCs, WBCs, and Platelets