A&P Muscular

• Size
• Shape
• Direction of fibers
• Lotation
• Attachment
• Number of attachments
• Action

A graph showing muscle response to electric stimulation

When muscles relax even though stimulation continues

Sustained contraction

Increased muscle contractions until maximum contraction is reached

A single contraction that lasts only a fraction of a second

A muscle fiber contracts completely or not at all

When muscles use fermentation for energy they incur an oxygen debt

To repay the debt muscles need to replenish thier creatine phosphate and dispose of lactic acid

Anaerobic

Produces ATP for short bursts of excersise

Glucose breaks down to lactic acid

1 of 3 ways ATP is made

Aerobic

Takes place in the mitochondria

Myoglobin pulls O2 out of the blood and makes it available to the mitochondria

1 of 3 ways ATP is made

Anaerobic

Regenerates ATP

Quickest way to make ATP available to muscles

1 of 3 ways ATP is made

Contractions occur very slowly but can last for long periods of time without fatigue

exa. GI muscles

Not arraged into myofibrils

Where the axon of the motor neuron meets the muscle fiber

• 1 - nerve impulse travels down a motor neuron
• 2 - nerve impulse arrives at the axon terminal of the nerve
• 3 - synaptic vesicles release ach into the symaptic cleft
• 4 - ach binds to the receptors of the sarcolemma
• 5 - calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
• 6 - sliding filament theory is initiated
• 7 - muscles contract

The movement of actin filaments in relation to myosin filaments causeing a muscle to contract

Area between the sarcomeres

Thin filaments

Thick filaments

Structural unit of a myofibril

Contains thick and thin myofilaments

Thick and think filaments that account for muscle striation and contractions

A bundle of myofilaments that contract

Cylinder shaped

Smooth ER stores calcium for muscle contraction

Extension of sarcolemma extends into the muscle fiber

Red pigment that stores oxygen for muscle

Polysaccharide that stores energy

Cytoplasm

Plasma membrane

• Supports the body
• Moves bone and other body parts
• Maintains constant body temperature
• Contractions help move cardiovascular and lymphatic vessels
• Protects bones and internal organs
• Stabilizes joints

Connect muscle to muscle

Connect muscle to bone

Fibrous tissue that separates muscles from skin

Fibrous tissue that separates muscles from one another

Connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle

Connectivee tissue surrounding each fascile

A group of skeletal muscles

Connective tissue surrounding each muscle fiber

Capillaries and nerves enter the muscle fiber through the endomysium

• Gastrocnemius
• Tibialis Anterior
• Fibularis Group
• Flexor and Extensor Digitorum Longus

• Quadriceps Femouris Group
• Sattorious
• Hamstring Group

• Iliopoas
• Gluteus Maximus
• Gluteus Medius
• Adductor Group

• Flexor Carpi
• Extensor Carpi
• Flexor Digitorum
• Extensor Digitorum

• Biceps Brachii
• Triceps Brachii
• Brachialis

• Serratus Anterior
• Deltoid
• Pectoalis Major
• Latissimus Dorsi
• Rotator Cuff

• External and Internal Intercostals
• External and Internal Obliques
• Transverse Abdominus
• Rectus Abdominus

• Sternocleidomastoid
• Trapezius

• Masseter
• Temprralis

• Frontalis
• Orbicularis Oculi
• Orbicularis Oris
• Buccinator
• Zygomaticus

Gastrocnemius

Latissimus Dorsi

Zygomaticus

Buccinator

Intercostals and Diaphragm

Trapezius

Biceps and Triceps Brachii

Iliosoas

Orbicularis Oris

Muscle insertion is found on the bone that moves

Muscle origin is found on the stationary bone

Some fibers are always contracted

When the muscle contracts and shortens

Weak contractions causeing a muscle to decrease in size

The muscle that does most of the work when a muscle group works together