A&P Tissues

Plasma membranes that do not touch

Held together by filaments that allow tissue to stretch

(exa. heart, cervix)

Protiens of plasma membranes join in a tight impermeable manner

(exa. stomach, kidneys)

"Ductless"

Secrete product internally to be transported by the bloodstream

(exa. pancreas)

ine internal spaces of organs, tubes, and body cavities

Lines walls of organs that open to the outside

Mucous secreted to protect interior walls from bacterial and viral invasion

(exa. GI, respiratory, and reproductive tracts)

Line body cavities and cover organs

Parietal - lines cavaties

Visceral - covers organs

Area between abdominal organs where the visveral peritoneum comes together to form a double layered membrane

Supports organs

Outside the brain and spinal cord

Surround fibers

Form Myelin Sheath that speeds conduction of impulses

Gaps between the schwann cells

Lines freely movable joints

Secretes synovial fluid to lubricate the joint

Folded plasma membranes

Found in cardiac muscle cells

Found in the brain and spinal cord

Cells called neurons

Conduct impulses

Nourish the neurons and produce growth factor

Hormones which someday may cure parkinsons

Found only in the brain and spinal cord

Specialized cells of similar structure that perform a specific function in the body

4 types

Binds structures together, Provides support and protection, Fills spaces, Produces blood cells, Stores Fat

Called muscle fibers

Long thin cells

Chondrocytes

Lie in small chambers called lacunae

Lack a blood supply

Found in nose, ends of long bones, trachea, and the fetal skeleton

Non-living organic substance that holds cells together

3 types of fibers (Collagen, Elastic, and Reticular)

Can be solid, fluid, or semi-solid

Meminges

Cutaneous

Synovial

Serous

Mucous

Without blood supply

Has many elastic fibers in the matrix

Found in the outer ear

matrix contains strong collagen fibers used as "shock absorbers"

Found in the disks between the vertabrae and pads in knee joints

Most rigid of connective tissue

Extremely hard martix composed of mineral salts such as calcium

Protien

Found only in the walls of the heart

Involuntary muscle

Striated, Single centrally placed nuclei, Appear to be "fused", Connected by intercolated disks

Bone Cell

Found inside lacunae in hard angular matrix

Areas in tissue where plasma membranes of cells join together

Fibrous (loose, adipose)

Cartilage

Blood

Bone

Hyaline

Elastic

Fibrocartilage

Forms when aadjacent plasma membrane channels join, providing strngth but also allow molecules to pass between the cells

Found in heart, GI and smooth muscle

1 unit of the matrix of bone

(side view looks like a tierd cake)

Contain one or more cells that secrete a product

Excretion

(exa. Goblet cells withing the columnar epithelium lining the digestive tract secreting mucous)

Single llayer

Lines air sacs of the lungs, blood vessels, and heart

Multiple layers

Lining of esophagus, mouth, vagina, and epidermis

(Basement layer is flat)

Covers surfaces and lines cavities

Cells are packed tightly together

Avascular

Free surface and basement membrane

Skeletal

Smooth

Cardiac

Axon

Body

Dendrite

Synovial membrane becomes inflamed and growth thicker

Eventually fibrous tissue replaces the membrane and the joint can no longer move

Ducts Secrete products to an outside surface

"Exit"

(exa. sweat)

Fibrous connective tissue

Lies between organs or tissues (binding them together)

Made of fibroblasts and a jelly like matrix

Large star shaped cells that produce extracellular fibers

Makes up loose connective tissue

Fibrous connective tissue

Fibroblasts are enlarged to store fat

Recieves the signal

Vonnective tissue made up of cells suspended in a liquid matrix

Formed elements of blood

• Erythrocytes
• Leukocytes
• Platelets

Membranes found within the posterior cavity

Has a matrix that is produces by fibroblasts that contain thick bundles of collagen fibers

Nourish neurons and engulf bacteria

Found only in the brian and spinal cord

"Visceral Muscle"

Found in hollow viscera (exa. GI tract)

Spindle shaped

Involuntary

Contracts slowly and remains contracted for a long time

Dermis of the skin

Bundles of collagen run in different directions

Lymphatic Tissue

Part of the immune system

Extremely long Axons

Voluntary

Attached to the skeleton

Fibers are long and cylindrical with multiple nuclei

Striated (striped) in appearance

Two or more layers

Pharynx (Back of the throat)

(flat basement layer)

Single layer

Lines respiratory tract

All cells touch basement layer (even if they don't appear to)

(flat basement layer)

In the brain and spinal cord, fibers are called tracts

"Skin"

Outer protion is keratinized stratified squamos epithelium

Inner portion is dense irregular connective tissue

Many layers - Stretchy

Lines urinary bladder, ureters, and part of the urethra

(flat basement layer)

Epithelial

Connective

Muscular

Nervous

Squamos (Simple and Stratified

Cuboidal (Simple and Stratified)

Columnar (Simple and Stratified)

Pseudostratified Columnar

Transitional

Squamos (round)

Cuboidal (Square)

Columnar (Rectangular)

Contains the nucleus

Processes signals

Conducts nerve impulses away from the neuron

Long axons are called fibers

"Liquid" matrix of the body

Single layer

Lines kidney tubules, ducts of glands, and covers surface of ovaries

(flat basement layer)

Two or more layers

Lines salivary glands, and mamory glands

(flat basement layer)

Single layer

Lines GI tract, and ducts of many glands

(flat basement layer)

Tendons and ligaments

Bundles of collagen fibers are parallel

Rapid, uncontrolled, disorganized growth of cells

Outside of the brian and spinal cord fibers are bound together to form nerves

Support and nourish neurons

Danger signs of cancer

• C-change in bowl/bladder
• A -sore that doesn't heal
• U -unusual bleeding/discharge
• T -thickening/lump
• I -indigestion/difficulty swallowing
• O -Obvious change in wart or mole
• N -Nagging cough or hoarsness