A&P Cell Structure

Outer walls of animal cells

Double Phospholipid Memdrane

Selectively allows passage of molecules in and out of the cell

Selectively Permeable

Outer walls of plant cells

Functional unit of a cell

In plasma membrane

Gives it stability

Gel like substance (contains water and various protiens)

Mantains shape of the cell and holds organelles in place

Contains necleoplasm, chromatin, and nucleolus

"Control Center"

Stores genetic information

Chromatin, RNA, and Protiens

Formation of ribosomes

(ER)

System of tubes, vesicles, and sacs

Modifies protiens, transports substances through vesicles

ER that is studded with ribosomes

Protien synthesis for RNA

Without ribosomoes

Lipid and steroid synthesis, calcium storage

Small membranous sacs

Isolates substances within the cell

Small membranous sacs

Storage and transport of substances in and out of the cell

Vesicle that contains digestive enzymes

Intracellular digestion, self digestion of the cell

"Stomach"

Vesicle containing digestive enzymes

Detoxifies drugs

Microtubules, Actin filaments

Shape of the cell and movement of it's parts

Cillia - hairlike

Flagella - Finger/Tail like

Movement of the cell

Cellular respiration

"Powerhouse"

Provides ATP

"muscles"

Formation of spindles during cell division

Protien synthesis

Folded memmbrane

Processing, Packaging, and Distribution of molecules

Passive Crossing

(No carrier molecule)

Movement of particles from and area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

Passive crossing

Diffusion of Water across a plasma membrane

Passive Crossing

(Carrier molecule)

Movement of particles to an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

HIgh concentration to Low concentration

Movement of particles out of cells by vesicles

Active Crossing

Endocytosis "Cell Drinking"

Movement of particles into cells by vesicles

(exa. Breastmilk)

Active Crossing

Endocytosis - "Cell Eating"

Movement of particles into cells by vesicles

(exa. Bacteria)

Movement of particles into cells by vesicles

Requires carrier molecul (Protien, ATP)

Movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

Degree to which a solution's solutes move in and out of cells

Solution that causes cells to swell and rupture

(Hemolysis)

Solution that causes cells to shrink

(Crenation)

Concentration of solutes on both sides of the cell membrane

Nucleic Acids

DNA carries out genetic codes

Blueprint for protiens in a cell

Cells "getting ready" to divide

DNA "unzips"

Results in two identical chromosomes

RNA leaves nucleus and enters sytoplasm

Messenger

Wedges between two ribosome subunits

Transport

Delivers amino acids to the ribosomes

Ribosomal

Makes up ribosomes

Used to duplicate cells

Used to form protien

Stages of Mitosis

• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase

Cells that divide

Result of cell division

Duplicated chromosomes are scattered

Stage 1 of 4

Chromosomes are aligned at the equator of the new spindle

Stage 2 of 4

Daughter chromosomes are moved to the poles

Stage 3 of 4

Daughter nuclei are formed and the spindle disappears

Stage 4 of 4

"Regular" cell division

Growth and repair

"Sex" cell division

• Sperm and Ova are produced
• Mitosis is repeated twice
• Each will only have 23 chromosomes
• 46 when sperm and ova join

Phopholipids

Protiens

Cholesterol

Double membrane separating the nucleus from the cytoplasm

Groups of ribosomes

aka. Polysomes

Oxygen is used and Carbon Dioxide is given off by mitochondria as it converts carbohydrates energy into ATP molecules

Metabolic disorder involving a missing or inactive lysosomal enzyme in nerve cells

Lysosomes fill with macromolecules that cannot be digested

Nerve cells becomes so full that the child usually dies