A&P Chemistry

K+ (Potassium imbalance)

Can be too high or too low

Simple Carbohydrates

Two monosaccharides joined together

(exa. lactose or sucrose)

Either releases more hydroxide ions or takes on more

pH above neutral (7.0)

(Polypeptide)

Amino acids bonded together

AA-AA-AA

20 different types of amino acids that form all human polypeptides

Organelles containing enzymes which break down cell components

60% to 70%

7.0

An atom with extra neutrons

(exa. Carbon 12 has 6 normal neutrons, Carbon 14 has 8 neutrons and is radioactive)

Elements of life

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur

Organic

Contains Carbon and Hydrogen

Short term energy

Simple and Complex types

Bond between amino acids

Four types (folds) - Primary, secondary, Tertiary, and Quartermary

Lipid - found in plants

(exa. Olive Oil)

Atoms that carry a charge

Water fearing

Too much Na (Sodium)

Complex Carbohydrates

Glucose found in plant cell walls

Passes undigested though the system as fiber

Can absorb tremendous amounts of heat before changing

Subatomic particle with a positive charge

Located in the nucleaus of the atom

Liquid fats with weak hydrogen bonds

Good fats

Simple carbohydrates

One sugar

(exa. Glucose)

"Misfolded" Protiens

Body doesn't know what to do with them so they accumulate in lysomes

"Most" contain carbon

When covalent hydrogen carries a very weak charge and is attracted to a nearby atom

(exa. H2O)

Grouping of same atoms

Make up all matter

Constructed like fats

EXCEPT

Contain phosphate in place of fatty acid

Hydrophobic heads and Hydrophilic tails

Form cell membrane

Facilitates chemical reactions

"Sticky"

(exa. Blood can transport oxygen and nutrients)

Realease energy as they decay

Used as a tracer in medicine

(exa. Radioactive iodine)

Carbon bonds are full (saturated) by hydrogen molecules

Bad Fats

• H
• |
• H H H H
• | | | |
• C-C-C-C-C

7.35 to 7.45

Smallest unit of an element

The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in a cell

Lipid - found in animals

(exa. butter)

Subatomic particle with a negative charge

Orbits the nucleus

Macromolecules that are unique to living cells

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Protiens, Nucleic Acids

Water Loving

Complex Carbohydrates

Glucose found in plants

Protien molecules that allow chemical reactions to occur in the body

Named for what they digest

(exa. Lactase waiting for Lactose to "come" be digested)

Irreversable chance in the shape of protiens, caused by exposure to extremes in pH and Heat

Sum of the number of protons and neutrons

When atoms share electrons in their outer shell

Does not have the minimal number of electrons in the outer shell

Always looking to bond with another atom

Ribonucleic Acid

Determines which protiens a cell will have

Lipids that have a different structure than fat

(exa. Estrogen, Testosterone, Cholesterol)

One atom gives an electron to form another atom

Long term energy

Some form cell membranes

Macromolecules made up of Amino Acids

Form Collagen, Make up Hormones, Move muscle cells, Transport molecules in the blood, Protects against toxins, Forms enzymes that speed up chemical reactions

Lack of Insulin

Insulin helps carry glucose to the liver to be stored

Excess glucose in the body

Dissociates in water

Releases more hydrogen ions

pH below neutral (7.0)

Does not contain Carbon

Equal to number of protons only

Ca (Calcium) deficiency (too low)

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Determins hereditary information

Complex Carbohydrates

Glucose found in animals

Liver stores extra glucose as glycogen

Balance is important for brain and nerve function

Can contain same atoms (O)

or different atoms (H2O)

Huge macromolecules composed of necleotides

(exa. phosphate, sugar, nitrogen)

Subatomic particle with a neutral or "no charge"

Located in the nucleus of the atom