abnormal post. curvature of the thoracic vertebrae
laminectomy
removal of a lamina to relieve the symptoms of a ruptured intervertebral disc
lordosis
abnormal ant. curvature of the backbones in the lumbar region
lumbar
pertaining to the loins or lower back (near the waist) region
lumbosacral
pertaining to the lower back and the sacrum
myelopoiesis
fomation of bone marrow
orthopedics
the specialty of medicine dealing w/bones and bone diseases. Orthopedists originally straightened (ortho/o) the bones of children (ped/o)
osteitis
inflammation of bones
osteodystrophy
poor development of bones
osteogenenis
formation of bone
scoliosis
abnormal condition of lateral curvature of the spine
spondylosis
abnormal condition of vertebrae
vertebral
pertaining to a vertebra
osteoblast
immature of bone cell
osteoclast
large cell found in the bone marrow of growing bones; absorbs and removes unwanted bone tissue
spondylolisthesis
forward displacement of a vertebra over a lower segment
osteomalacia
softening of bone
epiphysis
end of a long bone
pubic symphysis
junction of the pubic bone on the midline in front of the body
osteoporosis
condition of increased porosity of bone w/ loss of bony tissue and decrease in bone mass
osteotome
instrument to cut bone
acetabular
pertaining to the acetabulum (hip socket)
calcaneal
pertaining to the calcaneous (heel bone)
carpals
pertaining to the wrist bones
supraclavicular
pertaining to above the collar bone
subcostal
pertaining to below the ribs
chondrocostal
pertaining to the cartilage attached to the ribs
craniotomy
incision of the skull
craniotome
instrument to cut the skull
femoral
pertaining to the thigh bone (femur)
fibular
pertaining to the smaller of the two lower leg bones (fibula)
humeral
pertaining to the upper arm bone (humerus)
iliac
pertaining to the ilium (upper portion of the hip bone)
ischial
pertaining to the ischium (lower and post. part of the hip bone)
malleolar
pertaining to the malleolous (process on each side of the ankle)
mandibular
pertaining to the lower jaw bone
maxillary
pertaining to the upper jaw bone
metacarpectomy
removal of hand bones
metatarsalgia
pain of the foot bones
olecranal
pertaing to the elbow
patellar
pertaining to below the kneecap
pelvimetry
measurement of the proportions of the pelvic bone (before childbirth).
peroneal
pertaining to the fibula
phalangeal
pertaining to the finger or toe bones
pubic
pertaining to the pubis (ant. portion of the hip bone)
radial
pertaining to the lateral lower arm bone
scapular
pertaining to the shoulder bone
sternal
pertaining to the breast bone
tarsectomy
removal of ankle bones
tibial
pertaining to the tibia, the larger and inner of the two lower leg bones.
ulnar
pertaining to the medial lower arm bone
ankylosis
abnormal stiffening and immobility of a joint
arthroplasty
surgical repair of a joint
arthrotomy
incision of a joint
hemarthrosis
abnormal condition of blood in a joint
hydrarthrosis
abnormal accumalation of fluid in a joint
polyarthritis
inflammation of many joints
articular cartilage
the cartilage surrounding the bones in a joint
bursitis
inflammation of a bursa
achondroplasia
improper cartilage formation in development of bones (leads to a type of dwarfism)
chondroma
tumor (benign) of cartilage
chondromalacia
abnormal softening of cartilage
ligamentous
pertaining to a ligament
rheumatologist
specialist in treatment of joint disorders
synovitis
inflammation of a synovial membrane
tenorrhaphy
suture of a tendon
tenosynovitis
inflammation of a tendon and its sheath
tendinitis or tendonitis
inflammation of a tendon
arthrodesis
binding together (surgical fusion) of a joint
spinal stenosis
narrowing of the neural canal or nerve root canals in the lumbar spine
fascietomy
removal of fascia
fibromyalgia
pain of fibrous connective tissue and muscle
leiomyoma
tumor (benign) of a smooth muscle
leiomyosarcoma
tumor (malignant) of a smooth muscle
myalgia
pain of a muscle
electromyography
process of recording the electricity in a muscle
myopathy
disease of muscles
myocardial
pertaining to heart muscle
myositis
inflammation of muscle
plantar flexion
bending downward of the sole of the foot
rhabdomyoma
tumor (benign) of a skeletal muscle
rhabdomyosarcoma
tumor (malignant) of skeletal muscle
myasthenia gravis
condition of muscle weakness caused by a failure in transmission of nervous impulses from a nerve to muscle cell
atrophy
decrease in size of a normally developed organ or tissue; wasting of tissue
hypertrophy
excessive development (increase in cell size)
amyotrophic
pertaining to loss of muscle development (in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, muscles can't move bc of degeneration of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord).
abduction
process of carrying away (muscle is pulled away from the midline of the body)
adduction
process of carrying toward (muscle is pulled toward the midline of the body)