general.txt

• Contact
• Airborn
• Vehicle
• Vector

Blood settling in lowest point of body in death

• implied; PT unable to consent for some reason, but they would want it.
• Informed; PT gives consent

Face down

on yer back

body is laid flat on the back (supine position) with the feet higher than the head

Back/Head Horizontal, legs raised

sitting straight up or leaning slightly back. Their legs may either be straight or bent.

The Right lateral recumbent, or RLR, means that the patient is lying on their right side.

The left lateral recumbent, or LLR, means that the patient is lying on their left side.

• Prone
• Supine
• Trendelenburgs
• Modified Trendelenburgs / Shock
• Fowlers position
• Right Lateral Recumbent
• Left Lateral Recumbent
• Recovery Position

• L/R
• Medial/Lateral
• Posterior/Anerior
• Dorsal/Ventral
• Superior/Inferior
• Proximal/Distal
• Planar/Planter

• Ilium
• Ischium
• Pubis

• carpels: wrist
• tarsals: ankle

• Skeletal (aka striated)
• Smooth
• Cardiac

Carina

21%

3% ~ 5%

16%

form of respiratory drive in which the body uses oxygen chemoreceptors instead of carbon dioxide receptors to regulate the respiratory cycle. The hypoxic drive is so weak that unconsciousness will develop before respiratory distress is noted and is therefore a risk for high altitude flying pilots.

• CO2
• Hypoxic

12-20

15-30

25-50

60-100

80-100

70-150

100-160

S90-140 D60-80

S80-110

S50-95

1 breath per 5 to 6 seconds (10 to 12 / min)

1 breath per 3 to 5 seconds (12 to 20/ min)

1 breath per 3 to 5 seconds (12 to 20/ min)

• 1~6 L/min
• provides 24~44% inspired O2

• 10~15 L/min
• provides 90% inspired O2 @15 L/m

provides 16% inspired O2

• 15 L/min
• provides 55% inspired O2

• 15 L/min
• ~100% inspired O2

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

shortness of breath

• Inhalation
• Intramuscular (IM)
• Intraosseous (IO)
• Intravenous (IV)
• Per Os (PO)
• Per Rectum (PR)
• Subcutaneous (SC)
• Transcutaneous
• Sublingual (SL)

Metered Dose Inhaler

Crackling rattling breath sounds: Fluid in lung air spaces.

Course breath sounds: Chronic mucus in airways

Harsh high piched barking resps: Upper airway obstruction

• caused by air passing through partially obstructed respiratory passages, but they are higher-pitched because they originate in smaller passages. Wheezes have a whistle-like tone. Although they are more commonly heard during expiration, wheezes can be heard during any phase of respiration.
• Conditions: Asthma or COPD

• Small clicking, bubbling, or rattling sounds in the lung. They are believed to occur when air opens closed air spaces.
• Fluid is in the lung in some form.

caused by air passing through respiratory passages that have narrowed or been partially obstructed by secretions, edema, tumors, and so on. Gurgles are usually low pitched and loud and often alter in quality after the patient coughs. They may be heard on both inspiration and expiration. Rhonchi is the older term for gurgles.

• Caused by the rubbing together of inflamed and roughened pleural surfaces.
• The sound is harsh and scratchy, somewhat like two pieces of sandpaper being rubbed together.
• Friction rubs are heard on both inspiration and expiration. If this sound correlates with the rate and rhythm of the heartbeat, not the respirations, it is a pericardial friction rub.

• located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen.
• It removes old red blood cells and holds a reserve of blood in case of hemorrhagic shock while also recycling iron.
• it metabolizes haemoglobin removed from senescent erythrocytes.

Movement of limb towards midline

Pt standing facing you, arms at their sides, palms forward.

Ridge on the Sternum lying where the second rib attaches to sternum.

Angle of louis.

The bony prominences of the pelvis (ilium) at the fron on each side of the lower abdomen just below the plane of the umbilicus

Between the Wrist and Metacarpals and the thumb

First part of large intestine into which the ileum opens.

• Thyroid Cartilage (top)
• Cricothyroid membrane (middle)
• Cricoid Cartilage (bottom)

Dorsalis Pedis Artery

Hole in base of skull for spinal cord

Foramen Magnum

bony prominence on the proximal lateral side of the thigh just below the hop joint.

Greater trochanter

a band running from the pubic symphysis to the anterior superior iliac spine.

Upper quarter of sternum

Manubrium

• a conical prominence projecting from the undersurface of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone and is roughly pyramidal or conical in shape.
• One important role for this bone is as a point of attachment for several muscles

a fusion of two bones along the palatal fissure that form the upper jaw.

• Lower jaw
• a fusion of two halves at the mental symphysis.

Vertical line through Axilla (armpit).

Vertical line through calavical

heart muscle

most posterior portion of cranium

visible ear

Sebum

Muscles that act to flex and rotate the head.

small cartilaginous process (extension) of the lower part of the sternum

Xiphoid process

Cheek bones

Sweaty Mofo

Irregular and inadequate respirations

• Sellick manouver
• pressure on the cricoid cartilage to occlude the osophagus when ppv'ing

Shortness of breath

accumulation of fluid in the space between the aveoli and pulmonary capillaries

• inflamation of the lungs
• cough & production of sputum
• Fluid accumulates in lung tissue
• Ability to exchange gasses reduced
• tachypnea

• contagious but rare
• sore throat, low fever, and an adherent membrane on the tonsils, pharynx, and/or nasal cavity that obstructs the passage of air.

• Acute infection with fever, cough, and sputum
• Fluid accumulates in lung tissue
• Ability to exchange gasses reduced
• Tachypnea

• Bacterial infection of Epiglottis
• Pre-shool & school aged kids can have Epiglottis swell to 2 or 3 times size
• Stridor heard
• Sore throat

• Inflamation and swelling of whole airway
• Stridor
• Seal bark cough
• humidified O2 recomended

• co-occurrence of chronic bronchitis and emphysema, in which the airways become narrowed.
• a limitation of the flow of air to and from the lungs, causing shortness of breath.
• In clinical practice, COPD is defined by its characteristically low airflow on lung function tests.

• caused by destruction of structures feeding the alveoli
• the small airways in the lungs to collapse during forced exhalation. As a result, airflow is impeded and air becomes trapped
• Symptoms include shortness of breath on exertion, and an expanded chest.
• Because breathing is difficult, the patient must use accessory muscles to help them breathe; tachypnea may occur when they try to extend their exertion.
• They may have trouble coughing and lowered amounts of sputum.

• An accumulation of air in the pleural space
• aka a collapsed lung
• This buildup of air puts pressure on the lung, so it cannot expand as much as it normally does when you take a breath.

a buildup of fluid between the layers of tissue that line the lungs and chest cavity.

• Dyspnea
• Acute chest pain
• Hemoptysis
• Cyanosis

• Pro re nata
• "as needed"

Loss of consciousness

• 1. Open the airway with either head tilt/chin lift or modified jaw thrust, if the airway is clear, check for a gag reflex and maintain the airway with an OPA
• 2. Check for breathing by look, listening and feeling for the rate, rhythm and depth for no more than 10 seconds
• 3. lf no breathing, give 2 breaths with a BVM @ 15 L/m
• 4. Check pulse
• 5. If there IS a pulse, continue rescue breathing at 1:5 (12/min) for an adult, or 1:3 (20/min) for a child/infant or a patient with suspected ICP
• 6. If there IS NO pulse start compressions 30:2
• 7. Apply the AED while compressions are going on
• 8. After 2 minutes of CPR (5 cycles) analyze using the AED
• 9. If shock advised, deliver 1 shock and then start directly into 2 minutes of CPR starting with chest compressions. No pulse check at this time
• 10. If no shock advised, check pulse,
• a) If there is no pulse continue with compression for 2 minutes then analyze again (start back at line 6)
• b) If there is a pulse, continue with rescue breathing (start back at line 5)
• Things to remember:
• If in a moving ambulance, stop the ambulance and turn the engine off before analyzing
• If hypothermic (body temp below 35deg) only 1 shock is to be delivered on scene, no more than 3 shocks delivered, or 3 no shock advised

• Color
• Clarity
• Concentration
• Expiry Date

• Medicine
• Dose
• Documentation - of the other 5
• Route
• Time
• Pt