oceans

using a dam at high tide then relasing the water at low tide turing turbines

generated infrequently and bays enviroment is affected

blades that generate electricty with high and low tide.

energy is variable and instalation cost is high

offshore funeling waves through a system of barries and waves pass over turbines

this may alter beaches and by damaged by large waves

this type traps pocket of air bc waves enter structure

may alter coastling deposition and erosion rates

use floats by rising and falling waves to harness energy

damaged by large storms and not that much power

using the gyre systems to turn turbines, need strong currents

can be damaged by large storms, output would vary

use warm ocean water to evaporate a liquid and generate steam, then cold to a liquid

changes ocean level temps and not efficient

larger organisms are ofter WHAT? by temp variations

surface gyres, upswelling of deep ocean water, enso events la nina

pressure rapidly increase with

rapid changes in depth can cause

how to large animals surive great depth

what affects plant distribution

the layer of sea water lit by the sun

350 ft near wat
500 ft in
2000ft in

the area of good light avg 250 ft

the area of no light

many organisms are affected if it changes

if a organism have a higher or lower salinity it may

it can adapt overtime in salinity change

lighter than ocean water

heaver than ocean water

simiular to ocean water

what type of organisms have to compensate for excess weight

adaptation to obtain

whale and seals have

sharks and fish have

some fish have what so they can alter density

what is fairly abundent at all levels for plant and algal life

in deep water areas that are anoxic, lil animal life, what plays major role

the entire water enviroment

water above the shelf

water beyond the shelf

0 600 ft

600- 3000 ft

3000- 9000 ft

9000- to bottom

sea floor enviroment

above high tide

below low tide level

bathyal

rise and abyssal plains

trenches

free floating mostly single celled organisms

animals that can swim effectvely

organisms that live on or are attached to the sea floor, some are moble many are not

algae phytoplankton, autotrophs, the primary producers

herbiaores(zooplankton), heterotrophs-eat the algae, the primary consumers

carnivores, the seconday consumers

float around

the basis of most normal marine food changes/webs
drifters or very weak swimers ( floataround)
cant swim horizontal
size microscoptic to 10 meter

single celled algae
look similar in large masses
common trate: photosynthesis
live in the euphotic zone

most dominate photosynthetic organisms
have silica tests and may form siliceous ooze upon death

composed of calcite and often form calcareous ooze and upon death may become chalk
concetration of 1000 to 10000

not all are photosynthetic plankton
fresh water enviroments
have toxins in them

dinoflafellates contain neurotoxins
if abundent they become hazzard to marine life

thought to be plants and refered to blue freen algae

are photosynthetic
release large amounts of oxygen
half of oxygenerated by marine life

release coumpounds into atmosphere,seed cloud formation

produce large quanties with no significant nutrients, nitrates phosphates and iron
nutients brought in by rivers and ocean upwellings or human activity

are animals but many not they are protozoa
can swim but not well
live by upwelling deep ocean water

organisms that spend their entire lives in a planktonic state
are extreamly small and resemble phytoplankton

are only planktonic at centain stages of their lives
settle at bottom and live int eh benthic enviroments

silica based test and may form siliceous ooze upon death
cover about 3% of the ocean floor
prey on diatoms

diverse group of protozoa
live in ocean and some live in fresh water lakes
many have calcite based test and form caleareous ooze after death
determin enviromental condition

have planktonic forms
both in fresh and oceans
most abundent zooplanketon based on total numbers
live inwetlands moss

major food source
60% of oceans zooplankton bio mass is this
near antartica and alaskic bearing
whales and birds feed on them

are small mollusks
many have calcite shells
major source of biogenous sediments

are holoplankton others are nyctonic
exceed 12 ft

live or attach to sea floor

animals that can move

that cant move or attached to the sea floor

live in sea floor materal san mud
burrouring organisms

very primitive
filter feaders
spicules - keep them up right

may have medusa(jellyfish) and or polyp(sea annemones) forms
they sting

stinging cells

attach to shells or clams

adult coral is a polyps
they sement themselves wiht calcare to stick to rick

often look like coral
will grow at the surface of an organism like clams

often resemble clams
most are extient today

clams oysters mussels

snails lipets

squid nactiloids

some can swim
some are ephifunal
some have eyes

snales
most diverse group
inhabit most of marine ecologic
eveywhere but salt waterq

they look like works but molluses wihtout shells

most intellegent
squid
no fresh water
have developed eyes

cold water does not bother them or pressure
starfish, sea cumcumber
shallow to deep ocean
5 fold

can drop a lim if in danger

crabs shrimp lobster
consume dead amimals

are colonial
secreat a mineral like calcite forms a skeleton

what is the avg tem of coral

what is the depth of coral

water needs to be what so symiotic zooxanthele can photosynthesize

what type of surface

do they like waves and ocean current or still water

if temp is to highfor coral what can occure

its bleach due to a bacteria infection

white b and disease

what eats coral

shallow water nest shore
losts of fish
mainly branching

the highest point may been seen at low tide
asorb wave energy and are large
brain star coral

deepest part of the reef and low light
branching coral and algal growth

coral reef developemtn is based on

form fairly clost to the shore

building up
island sinks and grows outward

island sinks below sea level may fourm ring linke structure surnounding lagoon