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acetabulum
rounded depression, or socket, in the pelvis that joins the femur (thigh bone), forming the hip joint
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acromion
outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder. It overlies the shoulder joint and articulates with the clavicle
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articular cartilage
thin layer of cartilage covering the bone in the joint space
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bone
dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton. Ex. long bones (femur), short bones (carpals), flat bones (scapula), and sesamoid bones (patella)
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calcium
one of the mineral constituents of bone. Calcium phosphate is the major calcium salt in bones
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cancellous bone
spongy, porous, bone tissue in the inner part of the bone.
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cartilage
flexible, rubbery connective tissue. It is found in the immature skeleton, at the epiphyseal growth plate, and on joint surface
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collagen
dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues
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compact bone
hard, dense bone tissue, usually found around the outer portion of bones
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condyle
knuckle-like process at the end of a bone near the joint
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cranial bones
skull bones: ethmoid, frontal, occopital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal
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diaphysis
shaft, or mid-portion, of a long bone
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disk (disc)
flat, round, plate-like structure. An intervertebral disk is a fibrocartilaginous substance between two vertebrae
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epiphyseal plate
cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton
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epiphysis
each end of a long bone; the are beyond the epiphyseal plate
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facial bones
bones of the face;lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, and zygomatic
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fissure
narrow, slit-like opening in or between bones
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fontanelle
soft spot (incomplete bone formation) between the skull bones of an infant
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foramen
opening or passage in bones where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave. The foramen magnim is the opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes
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fossa
shallow cavity in a bone
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haversian canals
minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone
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malleolus
round process on both sides of the ankle joint. The lateral malleolus is part of the fibula, and the medical malleolus is part of the tibia
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manubrium
upper portion of the sternum; articulatees with the medial aspect of the clavicle
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mastoid process
round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear
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medullary cavity
central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone
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metaphysis
flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis (shaft) and the epiphyseal plate (in this term, meta-means between)
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olecranon
large process on the proximal end of the ulna; the point of the flexed elbow
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osseous tissue
bone tissue
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ossification
process of bone formation
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osteoblast
bone cell that helps form bony tissue
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osteoclast
bone cell that aborbs and removes unwanted bony tissue
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periosteum
membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue
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phosphorus
mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium
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pubic symphysis
are of confluence (coming together) of the two pubic bones in the pelvis. They are joined (sym-=together, -physis=to grow) by a fibrocartilaginous disk
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red bone marrow
found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis
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ribs
twelve pairs of curved bones that form the chest wall. True ribs are the first 7 pairs; false ribs are pairs 8 to 10; floatingribs are pairs 11 and 12
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sella turcica
depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located
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sinus
hollow air cavity within a bone
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styloid process
pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull
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suture
immovable joint between bones, such as the skull (cranium)
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temporomandibular joint
connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and mandibular bone of the jaw
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trabeculae
supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous (spongy) bone
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trochanter
large process at the neck of the femur; attachment site for tendons of the musculature
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tuberosity
rounded process on bone; attachment site for muscles and tendons
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vertebra
individual segments of the spine composed of the vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, and lamina, enclosing the neural canal
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xiphoid process
lower, narrow portion of the sternum
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yellow bone marrow
fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones
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