BIO 102

1.
All animals

1.
Typical animal embryos have ________,
or external cell layer, and ________, which lines the digestive tract.

1.
During the Cambrian explosion
approximately 542 million years ago,

1.
Most of the animals alive today

Which of the following animals displays radial
symmetry?

1.
A true coelom is best described as

1.
A dog's head is at its ________ end and
its belly is its ________ surface.

1.
A typical sponge is best described as

1.
Tapeworms are similar to fungi because

1.
You find a wormlike, soft-bodied adult
animal in a mud flat. It is bilaterally symmetrical, is segmented, has a true
coelom, and has a complete digestive tract. Based on these characteristics,
what phylum does the animal represent?

1.
Animals that are segmented and have
jointed appendages and an exoskeleton are members of the phylum

1.
The most numerous, diverse, and
widespread animals are the

1.
Which of the following groups has a
series of similar segments that make up most of the body?

1.
Which of the following groups includes
both spiders and horseshoe crabs?

1.
Most adult insects have three major
body parts or sections. They are the

1.
The flexible, longitudinal rod that is
located between the digestive tract and the nerve cord in chordates is called
the

1.
Which of the following features is
unique to chordates?

1.
Which of the following is an
invertebrate chordate?

1.
Human skin color likely represents a
locally adapted compromise between

1.
________ is thought to have played a
crucial role in the evolution of human speech.

1.
All humans alive today have inherited
their mitochondrial DNA from some individual female common ancestor. Studies
indicate this woman probably lived about ________ years ago, when fossil
evidence indicates Homo sapiens
was restricted to ________.

1.
Fossil and genetic evidence strongly
support the idea that modern humans

1.
According to the fossil record, the
genus Homo first arose in

1.
Hominid fossil footprints that are
obviously bipedal date to about ________ years ago.

Human DNA and chimpanzee DNA

1.
Our closest relatives, the ________,
exhibit several behaviors that closely resemble those of humans.

1.
________ spend almost all of their time
on the ground, instead of in trees.

1.
The forward-facing eyes shared by all
primates help them in

1.
Which of the following organisms is a
marsupial?

Mammals

1.
Which of the following adaptations
allowed reptiles to complete their life cycles on land?

1.
The most ancestral extant tetrapods are
________ derived from ________.

1.
The first vertebrate with a head and
skull probably resembled a

1.
Mammals exhibit many examples of traits
that are shared among species that are adapted to life in similar environments
and ecological niches. Examples include several species scattered around the
world that resemble anteaters. Like anteaters, they have long snouts and
tongues, stout claws, and other features that suit them to eating ants and
termites. Yet these species are only distantly related, and each has an
ancestor that does not fit the "anteater stereotype." These are
examples of

1.
The duck-billed platypus and other
monotremes differ from other mammals in that they

1.
Which of the following is most likely
to be responsible if, when your blood sugar level rises, the level of sugar
goes back down?

1.
Homeostasis

1.
Fingernails are a component of the
________ system.

1.
The respiratory system includes all of
the following structures except the

1.
Which of the following tissues can
currently be produced artificially and has been successfully used in human
transplants?

1.
Which type of tissue forms a
communication and coordination system within the body?

1.
Smooth muscle is responsible for

1.
What kind of connective tissue has an
extracellular liquid matrix called plasma?

1.
Which of the following is a type of
connective tissue?

1.
Epithelial tissues

1.
Which of the following is a major
category of animal tissue?

1.
Structure in the living world is
organized into hierarchical levels. Which of the following lists these from least inclusive to most inclusive?

An organ system consists of

1.
A physiologist is a biologist who
studies

The connection between structure and ________ is
a basic concept of biology

1. Which of the following is associated
with a reduced risk of
cardiovascular disease?

1. Which of the following diseases is
associated with obesity?

1. A food label indicates that the
contents of a product contain 12 grams of total carbohydrate per serving, 7
grams of sugar per serving (simple carbohydrate), and 2 grams of fiber per
serving. How many grams of digestible complex carbohydrate are there per serving?

1. The essential amino acids

1. A material that must be ingested in
preassembled form because the animal cannot synthesize it is

1. Organisms suffering from
malnourishment have a diet deficient in

1. All animals must obtain ________
from outside sources.

1. Absorption of water is a major
function of the

1. Nutrients absorbed by the intestines
move directly to the liver, which

1. Which of the following nutrients is
digested only after it reaches the small intestine?

1. Which enzyme breaks large
polypeptides into smaller polypeptides?

1. Bile produced in the liver is stored
in the ________ before entering the intestine.

1. Which of the following is important in
the digestion of lipids?

1. What is the main digestive function
of the pancreas?

1. Epithelial cells lining the
intestine have surface projections that increase nutrient absorption. These
projections are called

1. In the digestive system, most
nutrient absorption occurs in the

1. Most gastric ulcers are caused by

1. Heartburn is usually caused by the

1. The function of the pyloric
sphincter is to

The stomach mixes
food with secretions of the stomach wall to form

1. The secretory parietal cells of the
stomach are responsible for producing

The mucous-producing
cells that line the stomach

1. The epiglottis is a

1.
Human saliva performs all of the following functions except

1. The digestion of carbohydrates
begins in the mouth. What is the name given to the starch-digesting enzyme
secreted by salivary glands?

1. Digestion begins in the

1. Regulation of the passage of food
from the stomach is accomplished by

1. Smooth muscle propels food through
the alimentary canal by a process called

1. Which of the following correctly
lists the order of the parts of the human digestive system, from first to last
contact with food matter?

1. An animal digestive tract that
consists of two openings (a mouth and anus) is called

1. Through digestion, nucleic acids are
broken down into

1. Through digestion, polysaccharides
are broken down into

1. What happens to nutrient
macromolecules in an animal's digestive tract?

1. During which of the following stages
of food processing is undigested material removed from the digestive tract?

1. Digestion is the

1. Most animals are

1. Which of the following act mainly to
regulate salt and water balance?

1. Which of the following is a function
of epinephrine?

1. Which of the following glands
secretes hormones that enable the body to respond to stress?

1. Which of the following glands is
located nearest the kidneys?

1. What is the metabolic abnormality
that underlies the characteristic symptoms of diabetes mellitus?

1. Which of the following hormones
causes glucose release and, consequently, a rise in the concentration of sugar
in the blood?

1. Which of the following statements
best describes the relationship of insulin to glucagon?

1. Which of the following pairs of
hormones have opposite effects?

1. Which of the following processes
depends on the presence of appropriate calcium levels in the blood and
interstitial fluid?

1. Which gland requires the element
iodine to produce its hormones?

1. Which of the following hormones is
released by neurosecretory cells extending from the hypothalamus?

1. Which of the following statements
about glands and hormones is true?

1. Which of the following is an
endocrine gland that raises blood calcium levels?

1. Which of the following options
correctly pairs an endocrine gland or hormone with an aspect of metabolism that
it regulates?

1. Which of the following statements about
steroid hormones is true?

1. Neurosecretory cells

1. Nonsteroid hormones are synthesized
from

1. Which of the following options lists the
sequence of events in the cell-signaling process in the correct order?

1. Why must some hormones bind to a
membrane receptor on a target cell's surface in order to activate it?

1. The result of binding a signal
molecule to its receptor is

1. A target cell that is affected by a
particular steroid hormone would be expected to have

1. Steroid hormones are lipids made from

1. Compared to the endocrine system,
the nervous system

1. Hormones are chemicals produced by
the endocrine system that