Instruments used to collect subjective information directly from subjects; they are tested for reliability.
Psychometric instruments
Questions with no predetermined set of responses
Open-ended questions
Questions that use a fixed number of alternative responses. Respondents are forced to select answers or ratings on a scale provided by the researcher.
Closed questions
Type of closed question format in which respondents put responses in rank order on a continuum.
Scales
A scale that uses attitude statements ranked on a five or seven point scale. The degree of agreement or disagreement is given a numerical value, and a total can be calculated.
Likert scale
A scale with a set of items on a continuum or statements randing from one extreme to another. Responses are progressive and cumulative.
Guttman scale
A rating type scale in which respondents mark a location on the scale correpsonding to their perception of a phenomenon on a continuum.
Visual analog scale (VAS)
Codes est. prior to data collection that include definitions, abbreviations, and a range of possible numerical values for variables.
Codebook
After design and measurement strategies are chosen, the next step is to identify an appropriate, effective method for _____
Data collection
Data methods used in qualitative studies will be of a text-based nature and subject to coding.
An example of a psychometric instrument is a survey.
The most common data collection method is ______
Survey
Structured surveys that are self-admin by subjects.
Questionnaires
Disadvantages of open ended questions is that they take longer to complete.