-
Brimonidine
Alpha agonist, use for glaucoma
-
Timolol, betaxolol,carteolol
Betal blockers, use for glaucoma
-
Latanoprost
- Prostaglandin, use for glaucoma
- Causes darkening of iris
-
Fentanyl
- Opoid analgesic, opens K+ channels and closes Ca++ channels at mu receptors
- Causes addiction, respiratory depression, contipation, and miosis
-
Naloxone
Mu receptor antagonist, use to treat opiate overdose
-
Butorphanol
- Partial agonist at mu receptors, use for analgesia
- Causes less respiratory depression than opiates, but can cause withdrawal symptoms if the patient is also on an opiate (e.g. morphine, codeine, heroin)
-
Tramadol
- Weak opiate agonist, inhibits serotonin and NE reuptake
- Use to treat chronic pain
- Major side effect is seizures in epileptic patients
-
3 first line drugs for tonic clonic seizures
Phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproic acid
-
First line anti-epileptic in children and pregnant women
Phenobarbital
-
First line drug for trigeminal neuralgia
Carbamazepine
-
First line drug for status epilepticus
- Benzos in acute cases
- Phenytoin after patient has been stabilized
-
Uses and side effects of carbamazepine
- Tonic clonic seizures, trigeminal neuralgia
- Cause-
- Agranulocytosis
- Aplastic anemia
- Hepatotoxicity
- SIADH
- Steven-Johnson syndrome
-
Ethosuximide
- Use for absence seizures
- Causes GI distress, urticaria, and Steven-Johnson syndrome
-
Side effects of phenytoin
- Nystagmus
- Sedation
- Gingival hyperplasia
- Megaloblastic anemia
- Fetal hydantoin syndrome
- SLE
-
Side effects of valproic acid
- GI distress
- Hepatotoxicity (can be fatal)
- Neural tube defects in fetuses
-
Topiramate
- Anti-epileptic, blocks Na channels and upregulates GABA action
- Use for all but absence seizures and status epilepticus
- Side effects include sedation, weight loss, and kidney stones
-
What condition contraindicates barbiturate use?
Porphyrias, because they induce ala synthase
-
CYP 450 inducers
- Carbamazepine
- Phenobarbital
- Phenytoin
- Griseofulvin
- Rifampin
-
CYP 450 inhibitors
- Cimetidine
- Ciprofloxacin
- Azoles
- Ritonavir
- Isoniazid
- Grapefruit juice
-
Short acting benzos
- Midazolam
- Triazolam
- Oxazepam
-
Decreased solubility in blood for an anesthetic indicates
Rapid induction and recovery
-
Increased solubility in the blood for an anesthetic indicates
Long induction and recovery times, but high potency
-
Inhaled anesthetic with high solubility (so slow onset and high potency)
-what is the toxicity?
Halothane, hepatotoxicity
-
Side effect of enflurane
Seizures
-
Cause and treatment of malignant hyperthermia
- Caused by a mutation in the ryanodine receptor that allows Ca to flood the muscles in response to inhaled anesthetics.
- Presents with fever, rigidity, and rhabdomyolysis after surgery.
- Treat with dantrolene
-
Why does thiopental have a rapid recovery time?
Redistribution of the drug into fat and skeletal muscle
-
Mechanism, use, and side effects of ketamine
- Blocks NMDA receptors and stimulates the CV system.
- Good dissociative anesthetic for traumatic field injury.
- Causes disorientation and hallucinations
-
Propofol
Rapid anesthetic for short procedures
-
Side effect of bupivacaine
CV toxicity
-
Why is epinephrine given with local anesthetics?
Causes local vasoconstriction, traps drug in target tissues
-
2 uses of dantrolene
- Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
- Malignant hyperthermia
- (blocks release of Ca from SR)
-
Entacapone, tolcapone
- COMT inhibitors, prevent dopamine breakdown.
- Use for Parkinson's
-
Selegiline
- Selective MAO B inhibitor, prevents dopamine breakdown.
- Use for Parkinson's.
-
Dopamine agonists (4)
- Bromocriptine
- Pergoide
- Pramipexole
- Ropinirole
-
Use of benztropine in Parkinson's
Antimuscarinic drug, can help control tremor and rigidity, but has little effect on bradykinesia
-
Vitamin that increases dopamine metabolism
B6 (ask Parkinson's patients if they are taking multivitamins)
-
Sumatriptan
- Serotonin agonist, causes vasoconstriction, inhibits activation of the trigeminal nerve
- Short half life
- Use to treat acute migraines and cluster headaches
- Major side effect is coronary vasospasm
|
|
