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The glomerulus is a special
capillary associated with the bowmans capsule
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the renal medulla is composed
mostly of collection tubules and loops of Henle
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The female erethra is
shorter than a males
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The proximal convoluted tuble is closer to
bowmans capsle then the distal convoluted tubule
-
Urine formation involves
filtration of the plasma followed by selective reabsobption of substances along the rest of the nephron
-
Order of Kindey
- Renal capsule
- cortex
- medulla (Pyramids)
- papilla
- calyx
- renal pelvis
- ureter
- bladder
- urethra
-
order of nephron
- afferent renal artery
- glomerulus
- bowmans capsule
- proximal conviuted tubule
- loop of henle
- distal conviuted tubule
- collecting ducts
- calyx
- renal pelvis
- ureter
- bladder
- urethra
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The location of the kidney
- retroperitoneal
- between the peritoneum and muscles of the back. covered in fat for protection
-
function of system
to filter the plasma of the blood to make urine
-
ureters
connect the kidney to the bladder
-
bladder
- where urine is temporaily stored. 600ml
- transtional epithelium
- smooth muscles and sphinctors
- in the pelvic cavity, rugae (folds)
-
urethra
empties urine from the bladder out the body
-
how many nephrons are in a kidney?
a million for one kidney
-
-
bowmans capsule
- surrounds the glomerulus, filtration
- beginning of the nephron, large amound to warter moved through osmosis
-
proximal convoluted loop
- major reabsorbtion of nutrients
- water moves out by osmosis
- part of the renal pyramids
-
loop of henle
- reabsorbtion of water
- part of renal pyramids
-
distal convoluted tubule
- secretion of Hydrogen ions and reabsobtion of sodium
- part of the renal pryamids
-
collectind tubules
- not apart of the nephron
- merge to eventually form larger tubes that enter the calyx
- first sight of urine
-
capillariers
merge to form the renal vein
-
The efferent arteriole comes ___ the glomerulus and the afferent arteriole goes ___.
into, out
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The proximal convoluted tubule is connected
to bowmans capsule
-
bowmans capsule almost completely envelopes the
glomerulus
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Many nephrons connect to
each collection tubule
-
The loop of Henle extends
down into the renal medulla
-
The three parts of urine formation
- filtration
- reabsorbtion
- secretion
-
filtration
glomerular filtrate. Filters out the blood cells, plasma, protiens.
-
reabsorbtion
- as tubular fluid passes through nutrients such as glucose, sodium, and amino acids
- prevents valuble material from being urinated off
-
secretion
- adding materials to the filtrate from the blood
- like hydrogen ions, histamine, penicillin
-
Hormonal influence
- ADH: antidiuretic hormone
- Aldosterone
-
ADH
release by the pituitary gland when body is dehydrated
-
aldosterone
hormone released by the adrenal gland in order to conserve sodium
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Urination involves
relaxation of the urethral sphinctor muscle at the base of the bladder and smooth muscle in blader contracted forcing the urine out
-
normal pH of blood?
7.3 slightly basic
-
Acidic
- lower then 7
- more hydrogen ions then hydroxide ions
-
basic
- higher than 7
- more hydroxide ions than hydroxide ions
-
sodium bicarbinate
a good buffer: helps stabalize the pH levels in the blood
-
most of the water filtered out from the glomerulus is reabsorbed in the
proximal convolution
-
all of the capillars that surround the nephron tubule are important aids in
absorbtion
-
the collection tubule leads to the
renal papilla
-
another word for urination is
macturition
-
tissue of the bladder
- mucosa(lines lumen)
- -transitional epithelium
- muscularis
- -smooth muscle, involuntary
-
internal urethra sphinctor
- involuntary
- smooth muscle
- controlled by the ANS
-
external urethra sphinctor
- voluntary, skeletal,
- controlled by the Somatic Nervous System
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