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What is the order of units from large to small?
Kilo - Hecto - Deca - UNIT - Deci - Centi - Milli
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1 gal = qts
1 gal = 4 qts
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1 kg = lbs
1 kg = 2.2 lbs
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Freezing point of H2o in f?
32 F
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Boiling point in F?
212 F
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Boiling point in C?
100 C
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Convert C to F?
F = 9/5C + 32
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Convert F to C
C = 5/9 (F-32)
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What point does F = C?
-40F = -40C
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what is exponential notation?
102 ?
10-2 ?
102 = 10 x 10 = 100
10-2 = 1/10x10 = 0.01
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How many elements are there? How many naturally? How many non metals?
114 elements, 90 = naturally, 24 = non metals
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What is a metal?
Shiny solids that are good conductors of heat and electricity. All metals are solid at room temp (except for Mercury).
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What is a non metal?
No shiny appearance, poor conductors of heat and electricty, solid or gas
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What is a metalloid?
How many and what are they?
has properties between metals and non metals.
7 metalloids: Buron, germanium, silicaon, arsnic, antimony, tellurium, astatine
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What elements make up 96% of human body?
Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen
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What is the atomic #?
number of protons
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What is the mass number?
# of protons + # of neutrons
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What is the atomic weight?
average of the mass of naturally orrcuring isotopes of a particular element reported in AMU
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How do you find atomic weight?
- 1. List each isotope and % it occurs in nature
- 2. mulitply % by AMU
- 3. add
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What is a row called?
Peroid
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What is a column called?
Group
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What is a shell?
numbered, n = 1, 2, 3, 4
2, 8, 18, 32 = # of elecrtons in each SHELL
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What are the orbitals? How many electrons can they hold?
s, p, d, f
each orbital can hold 2 electrons
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What is ground state?
the lowest energy arrangement of an electron
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When does the size of the atom increase?
Down a column, valence electrons are farther from nucleus
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When does the size of atom decrease?
Accross a row as number of prodons in nucleus increase, the increase # of protons pulls the elecrons closer to nucleus, smaller atom.
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When does ionization energy decrease?
Down a coumn as the valence e gets further from nucleus
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When does ionization energy increase?
Accross a row, as protons increase
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What is ionization enegry?
The energy needed to remove a e from a neurtal atom
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What is a cation?
positively charged, has fewer electrons than a neurtal atom
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Who created atomic theory?
John dalton, 1800s
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molecule?
Smallest part of a compound that is capable of a stable independent existance
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What is a diatomic molecule?
what are they?
a molecule that can be a single atom
o2 h2 n2 f2 cl2 br2 I2
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What is a monotonic molecule? What are they?
Will not combine with anything else
He, Ne, Ar, Xe, Rn
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Who discovered the elecrton?
JJ Thompson 1897 england
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Who discovered the proton?
Rutherford - gold foil experiment
protiens mass = 1 amu
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Who discovered the neurton?
Chadwick 1932
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What binds the nucleus together?
Meson
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What is the atomic #?
- identifies the element
- # of protons which is equal to # of elecrtons
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What is an isotope?
Different form of the same element which differ in mass number b/c of different # of neurtons
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What is a quantum number?
Determines the energy of electron and where they will be found
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What are the 4 quantum numbers?
- 1. principle (n) major energy levels 1-7
- 2. Secondary (l) refers to shape
- 3. magnetic (m) - # of shaped orbital possible in an energy level
- 4. Spin (s) each orbital may hold a max of 2 electons provide tehy have opposite spin
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what is hunds rule?
An elecrton will resist pairing up in a space orbital until is its forced to do so
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Max # of elecrtons in s, p, d, f?
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Spectroscopic notation? how to arrange?
- 1s
- 2s 2p
- 3s 3p 3d
- 4s 4p 4d 4f
- 5s 5p 5d 5f
- 6s 6p 6d 6f
- 7s 7p 7d 7f
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How to find orbital notaion?
- find the highest energy level,
- ie: 4s2 4p3 (| | ) ( | ) (| ) ( | )
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