-
The glottis opens into the
larynx and is guarded by the epiglottis
-
breathing is controlled by
the Herring-Breuer reflex
-
The nasal chamber opens into the
pharynx
-
The glottis opens into the
larynx
-
The trachea branches to form two
bronchi
-
The alveolar ducts terminate in
alveolar sacs
-
most parts of the respiratory passages are lined with
columnar epithelium
-
The visceral pleura
lines the lungs
-
There is a small amount of pleural fluid between
the parietal and visceral pleura
-
Alveolar sacs are located in
the thoracic cavity
-
The diaphragm consits of
skeletal and voluntary muscle
-
An extensive capillary network surrounds the
alveolar sac
-
Diaphragmatic breathing alone is insufficient
during vigorous exercise
-
Inhaltion is ____ during breathing, while expiration is _____
active, passive
-
The vagus nerve connects
to stretch receptors in the lungs
-
what is the most important factor in blood that regulates
the rate of respiration
-
In forced breathing during extreme exercise, the amount of air moving in/out of the lungs in one breath is called
vital capacity
-
basic function of respiratory system
- facilitate exchange of gases and
- O2 into blood CO2 out
-
the relationship between respiratory system and circulation is
without constant flow of blood throughout the lungs, there wouldnt be respiration
-
breathing refers to
all the activities nessesary to get air in and out of the lungs
-
respiration deals with
the movement of gases across cells in and out of the blood
-
In the nose the nasal concha is covered
with mucous epithelium which moistens and warms the air
-
order of how air gets to lungs
nose, pharynx, epiglottis, glottis, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, aveolar sacs
-
pharynx
- connects mouth cavity and esophagus together.
- connects to the internal ear (eustachian tubes)
-
larynx
voice box or adams apple
-
epiglottis
closes the opening into the larynx when we swallow pushing the food into the espophagus
-
glottis
opens into the larynx and is positioned to let air into the trachea
-
trachea
- windpipe, held open wth cartilagionous rings,
- has ciliated columnar cells: carry debris out the glottis where we swallow or spit
-
bronchioles
columnar epithelial cells
-
aveolar sacs
squamos cells
-
Partetal pleura
lines the thoracic cavity and folds back to cover the lungs
-
visceral pleura
covering of the lungs
-
area of lungs
diaphragmatic (bottom), costal, cardiac, apex(top)
-
diaphragm
skeletal muscle. when fibers shorten the diaphragm lowers. when it relaxes it rises back up.
-
Blood supply for the lungs
- large pulmonary trunk splits into the right and left pulmonary arteries that go to each lung.
- Two large pulmonary veins leave each lung and go to the heart
-
inhalation (inspiration)
- process of taking air in
- volume inside thoracic area exspands so the pressure is decreased
-
exhalation (expiration)
- process of eliminating air from the lungs.
- volume inside thoracic cavity is decrease so pressue is increased.
-
diaphragmatic breathing
normal everday breathing
-
during vigerous exercise,
- exhailing requires muscular contraction that pull the rib cage in.
- "costal breathing"
-
The neural control of breathing
- phrenic nerve- medulla to diaphragm
- vagus nerve- lungs to medulla
- respiratory center in medulla
-
Chemical control of breathing
- CO2 goes up, impulse is sent to the diaphragm (phrenic nerve). lungs inflate
- Aveolar sacs inflate and the vagus nerve sends a message to turn it off. lungs deflate
-
tidal air
queit breathing. 500ml (CCs) or 1/2 litir of air
-
vital capacity
- how we breath with vigerous activity
- varies with age sex and conditioning skills
-
gasous exchange
- in the lung and tissues. follows diffusion
- 02 goes into blood and CO2 goes into alveolar sacs
-
oxygen
combines with hemoglobin when 02 os plentiful and will go where it is needed when low
-
CO2
- 20-30% is carried away from the tissure area.
- 70% is converted into a bicarbonate amd pases through lungs and disolved in plasma. diffuses out of capillary into aveolar sac and then exhaled
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