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EXOCRINE
through ducts onto epithelial surface
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ENDOCRINE
directly into interstitial fluid
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What do we call the study of the endocrine system?
endocrinology
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What do we call the products of the endocrine gland?
hormones
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What part of the brain is the master control center of the endocrine system?
hypothalamus
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What two hormones does the hypothalamus produce?
- antidiuretic hormones
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reabsorption of water, elevate BP - oxytocin-labor contractions, milk ejection
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What endocrine gland is found in the sella turcica of the spehnoid bone and cosists of two lobes?
pituitary gland
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Provide the technical name for the
- posterior lobe
- anterior lobe
Neurohypophysis : Posterior lobe
Adenohypophysis: Anterior lobe
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What two hormones are distributed from the posterior lobe?
Antidiuretics and oxytocin
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What hormones are secreted by the anterior lobe?
Name 7
- 1. Thyroid stimulating hormones
- 2. Adrenocorticotropic
- 3. Follicle stimulating hormone
- 4. Luteinizing hormone
- 5. Prolactin
- 6. Growth hormone
- 7. Melanocyte stimulating hormone
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Thyroid stimulating hormone
release of thyroid hormones
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Adrenocorticotropic hormone
release of steroids from adrenal cortex
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Follicle stimulating hormone
Oocyte development and estrogen producing/ sperm production
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Luteinizing hormone
Ovulation and progestin production/ androgen production
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Prolactin
Milk production and mammary gland development
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Growth hormone
Accerelate protein production
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Melanocyte stimulating hormone
Stimulate melanocytes
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What bi-lobed endocrine gland is located anterior to the trachea just inferior to the larynx?
Thyroid gland
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What hormone is secreted by the thyroid gland?
- Triiodothyronine and Thyroxine
- Calcitonin
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Triiodothyronine and Thyroxine
increase cellular metabolism
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Calcitonin
decrease blood calcium levels
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What endocrine glands are located on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland?
Parathyroid glands
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What hormone increases blood calcium levels? (released by the parathyroid gland)
Parathyroid glands
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What two layered endocrine glands are located on the superior border of each kidney?
Adrenal glands
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What layer is yellow because of the presence of stored lipids? (on the adrenal gland)
adrenal cortex
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What is the general term for the hormones secreted from the adrenal cortex?
corticosteroid
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Name 3 types of corticosteroids
- 1. mineralcorticoids
- 2. glucocorticoids
- 3. androgen
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Mineralcorticoids
conservation of sodium and water
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glucocorticoids
stimulate gluconeogenesis
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Androgen
in women promote muscle mass/ libido
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What layer, on the inside of the adrenal gland, is composed of modified ganglionic neurons?
Adrenal medulla
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What two hormones, secreted by the adrenal medullar, produce effects similar to the sympathetic stimulation?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
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What mixed gland lies deep to the stimach between the C of the duodenum and the spleen?
PANCREAS
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What two hormones produced by the pancrea are most directly involved with the regulation of blood glucose levels?
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Glucagon
alpha cells, increase blood glucose levels
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Insulin
beta cells, decrease blood glucose levels
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What form of diabetes, linked to the pancreas, is associated with glucose levels so high that our kidneys cannot reabsorb all of it?
diabetes mellitus
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What form of diabetes is not linked to the pancrea at all but rather the lack of anti-diuretic hormones from the posterior pituitary?
Diabetes insipidus
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What endocrine gland is located deep to the sternum and regresses with age after puberty?
Thymus
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What category of hormones, produces by the thymus, assists in the maturation and fuction of the immune system?
Thymosins
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What is the name of the male gonads?
Testes
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What is the primary androgen, produced by the testes, that promotes skeetal muscle growth and male secondary sexual characteristics?
Testosterone
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What is the name of the female gonads?
Ovaries
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What is the general term for the hormones that support follicle maturation and growth of the uterine lining as well as producing female secondary sexual characteristics?
estrogen
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What is the general term for the hormones produced by the corpus luteum that causes the uterus to prepare for implantation?
progestins
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What small endocrine gland is located on the posterior aspect of the diencephalon of the brain?
Pineal gland
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What hormone, produced by the pineal gland, regulates circardian rhythms and the onset of sexual maturity?
melatonin
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What hormones, produced by the heart, help lower blood pressure by stimulating the loss of water and sodium at the kidney?
Natriuretic peptides
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What hormone, produced by the kidneys, stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow?
erythropoietin
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