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Six DNA viruses
- Adenovirus
- Hepadnavirus
- Herpesvirus
- Papovavirus
- Parvovirus
- Poxvirus
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Enveloped DNA viruses
- Herpesvirus
- Hepadnavirus
- Poxvirus
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Naked DNA viruses
- Adenovirus
- Parvovirus
- Papovavirus
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Non-enveloped RNA viruses
- Reovirus--dsRNA
- Calicivirus--sense RNA
- Picorna--sense RNA
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Enveloped non-icosahedral DNA virus
Poxvirus
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Function of hemagglutinins
Promote attachment of virus to host cell
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Function of neuraminidase
Hydrolyzes sialic acid, helps release virions from host cells
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Live attenuated vaccines
Smallpox, yellow fever, chickenpox, Sabin's polio vaccine, MMR (only live vaccine that can be given to HIV patients)
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Killed vaccines
Rabies, influenza, Salk's polio vaccine, HAV
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Only ssDNA virus
Parvovirus
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Site of replication for DNA viruses
All DNA viruses replicate in the nucleus, except for poxvirus, which replicates in the cytoplasm
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Origin of herpesvirus envelope
Host cell nucleus
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Adenovirus
- Naked, linear dsDNA virus
- Causes febrile pharyngitis (sore throat), conjunctivitis, and pneumonia
- Live, non-attenuated oral vaccine given to military recruits
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Papovavirus (name two clinically relevant ones)
- Naked, circular dsDNA
- HPV causes warts and cervical cancer
- JC virus causes PMLE in IC patients
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HSV
- Enveloped, linear dsDNA
- Oral and genital lesions, keratoconjunctivitis
- Causes vesicular lesions in the distribution of an infected dermatome
- Diagnose by identification of multinucleated giant cells on Tzanck smear
- Treat with acyclovir
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Varicella zoster
- Enveloped, linear dsDNA
- Causes chickenpox and shingles
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Epstein-Barr
- Enveloped, linear dsDNA
- Causes infectious mono
- Replicates first in epithelial cells, then in B lymphocytes
- Positive agglutination test with heterophile antibodies
- Associated with Burkitt's (8:14 translocation) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma
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Atypical lymphocytes indicate...
EBV infection-->mono
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CMV
- Enveloped, linear dsDNA
- Mono in immunocompetent patients
- Pneumonia, hepatitis, GI ulcerations, and CMV retinitis in immunocompromised patients
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Infection that causes neonatal periventricular calcification, deafness, and hemorrhagic cutaneous lesions
CMV
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First choice treatment for CMV in immunocompromised patients
Gancyclovir
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Way to distinguish between EBV mono and CMV mono
Monospot test with heterophile antibodies is positive in EBV infection and negative in CMV infection
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Parvovirus b19
- Naked linear ssDNA
- Causes aplastic crisis in sickle cell patients, slapped cheek fever, and hydrops fetalis
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