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what are hurricanes
- low pressure systems
- blow toward the center
- blow counterclockwize
- atlantic ocean and eastern ocean called hurricane
what is needed for a huricane to form
- warm water (80 F)
- form from thunderstorms
- high relative humidity
- good off flow of upper trosphere winds
unorganized thunderstorms over the ocean

tropical waves
if they become organized and begin to rotate

tropical depression
if wind speed increase beyond 38 mph they become

tropical storms
if wind exceed 74 mph

hurricanes
what is more deadly for a huricane

rain storm surge
where do most storms form in june and july early season

caribbean and gulf of mexico
trocical waves off coast of africa and move west

cape verde season aug and sep
form in the southern carbbeann

late season oct to nov
whats wrong with the Saffir simpson scale

measure rotational wind speed but does not take in account for speed of the hurricane moving
more people are killed by what

flooding
does a slow or fast hurrican produce more water

slow
storm surge factors
- shape of the coastline
- landscape of the contiental shelf
- hight tide vs low tide
el nino
- tropical winds blow east to west
- pacific ocean can affect atmosphere and oceans
- normal surface currents are disrupted
peroidic changes in normal atmospheric pressure and wind patterns

the southern oscillation
el nino suthern osciliation or

ENSO
normal conditions in pacific ocean
- trade winds blow east to west
- surface cirrent follow the tradewinds e to w
- warm water collects in the western pacific
- sea leavel is higher in the pacific
El nino/southern oscllation
- trade winds weaken
- ocean equratial current weaken
- equatorial couinter current strenghten and brinngs warm water to east coast of pacific
result of enso
- pacific ocean warmer and wetter
- heavy rains
- other side of pacific are cool dry air
- droughts in austrila and south asia
results of enso
- westerly winds may develope
- affect tropical atlanticas
- little huricans due to prevaling winds
La nina
- occurs when trade winds become stronger then normal
- ocean equatoral currents strenghts
- warmer pacific water in the W pacific ocean
results in what
- cool dry eastern pacific
- western warm and wet
- flooding in austrlia and asia
- huricanes increase in atlantic dure to easterly winds
ENSO and La nina

consider la nina to be part of the enso cycle
el nino is the

warm enso phase
la nina is the

cool enso phase
what present of ocean water moves in currents

10%
what are the driving forces of the surface current

trade winds and westerlies, lil coriolis effiect
what are gyres

combination of coriolis effect n content distribution and basin shape large circular surface patterns
Gyres flow what in the north and in the south
- N clockwize
- S counterclockwise
how many gyres are there

7
the north equatorial current flow

east to west (warm)
gulf stream

s to n (warm)
north altantic drift
- w to e (warm)
- carries warm water toward europe and keep it warm
canaries current
- flow n to s (cool water)
- joing N Equatorial current
north atlantic gyre

warm gulf stream interacts with cold labador to generate fog
the noth atlantic has no

significant ocean currents (the sargusgo sea)
what warms up great britian and western europe

north american drift
the western us is colled by

california current
north pacific gyre collects and traps large amounts of debris

great pacific garbage patch
most garbage comes from land and is washed overboard how much

100 million tons
waves can be created how
- storm winds
- global winds (trade winds)
- earthquakes and valcanic eruptions
- landslides
- moon gravety
the faster the wind the bigger the wace

wind speed
the longer the wind blows the greater the wave height

wind duration
the distance overwater that the wind blows

fetch
the point at which wace motion ends

wave depth
wave depth is how much of a wave lenght

one half
is determned in part upon the force respinsible for creating the wave

wave length
if the water depth is greater than wave depth the waves does not inter act with the ocean floor

deep water waves
it affects the ocean bottom , shallow water begins to swell and become higher and steeper

shallow water wave
potentally extreme large waves resulting from wave interaction

rougue waves
for along pycnocline due to storms stron current

internal waves
alterting rise and fall of water level with no net transport of water or energy

seiches
caused by earthquake and landslides

tsunami
can form anywhere there are 2 substances with differnt densities along with pycnocline

internal waves
confined space that will slosh back and forth from a storm or landslide

seiches
long wavelength generated by due to earthquakes and landslides

tsunami
initial wavelength of an avg tsunami

3 ft
are deep long and fast

tsunami
wave length of a tsunami

60 to 120 miles
biggest factor of tsunami

fault motion
rush of water resembling very rapid high tides

tidal waves
are periodic shorten changes in the height of the ocean surface due to gravitational interactions

tides
has the longest wave length of all waves

tides
two therories on how tides work
- equilibrium theory- simple model
- dynamic theory- the more accurate model
what has twice the influence of the sun that affects tides

moon
what is the dominate tide

lunar tides
two lunar tides buldge are created

high tides
how many high tides per day

2
outward force of inertia (centritugal effect)

one tidal buldge
causes the gravitational pull of the moon

second tide
how long is a tidal day

24 hours and 50 min
why does tides for unequally

moon is not directly over the equator
have higher tides and lower low tides, 2 twice a month, sun and moon in alignment

sping tides
moon and sun 90 degrees, smaller than normal tidal range , low tydes higher low tides 2wice a month

neap tides
real tides are longer than the theory sugests
each ocean basin has its own tidal system

problems with the equilibrum theory
two relativley equal high tides and two relatively equal low tides

semidiurnal tides
one high tide and one low tide 12 hrs appart

divrnal tides
two high tides and two low tides of differnt heights found in pacific and indian oceans

mixed tides
areas with large ranges in tidal tend to experience strong

tidal currents
rapid sea level increase due to large incoming high tides

EBR tides
incoming flood tidal current can overwhel and more upstream against a river current

tidal bures

Author

Tjr31

93708

Card Set

science

Description

hurricanes

Updated

2011-07-14T00:50:38Z