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Listeria Monocytogenes
- Gram positive bacillus
- Catalase positive, motile at room temp
- Beta hemolysis
- Infects phagocytic cells
- Transmitted through contaminated meat and dairy products
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Treat listeria with...
Ampicillin or TMP/SMX
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Cause of bacteremia in pregnancy or granulomatous infantisepticum (also neonatal meningitis)
Listeria
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Corynebacterium diptheriae
- Non-motile gram positive rod
- Secretes diptheria toxin which catalyzes ribosylation of EF-2, and is encoded for on a lysogenic phage
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Gray pseudomembrane on tonsils with lymphadenopathy
Diptheria
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Gram positive rod with metachromatic granules that stain with aniline dye
Diphtheria
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Component of diphtheria vaccine
Diphtheria toxoid
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Bacillus anthracis
- Gram positive non-motile rod
- Spore producing (lives in soil)
- Capsule blocks phagocytosis and contains D-glutamate (peptide!)
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Px has papules that develop into ulcers with black, necrotic centers, and regional lymphadenopathy
Anthrax
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Px who works in wool industry has pulmonary hemorrhage--what's the mode of transmission of the bacterium?
Inhalation of B. anthracis spores
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Bacillus cereus
- Gram positive rod
- Grows in cereal grains
- Causes food poisoning
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Cause of spontaneous abortion
Listeria
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C. perfringens
- Gram positive spore-producing rod
- Double zone of hemolysis on blood agar
- Produces lecithinase, with lyses RBCs
- Transmission through traumatic injury
- Spores found in soil
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Gas gangrene
C. perfringens (mediated by alpha toxin/lecithinase)
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Clinical manifestations of C. perfringens
- Gas gangrene
- Soft tissue infection (decubitus ulcers, perirectal abscess, stump infection)
- Food poisoning
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Clostridium difficile
- Gram positive spore-producing rod
- Pseudomembranous colitis, after clindamycin or ampicillin treatment
- Diagnose by detecting presence of toxin in stool
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Treatment for C. difficile
Vancomycine or metronidazole
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Clostridium tetani
- Gram positive spore-producing rod
- Spores found in soil
- Produces tetanospasmin, a plasmid encoded neurotoxin, which blocks release of inhibitory NTs, GABA and glycine, and causes spastic paralysis
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Component of tetanus vaccine
Tetanus toxoid
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Clostridium botulinum
- Gram positive spore-producing rod
- Found in soil
- Toxin blocks ACh release, causes flaccid paralysis
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Floppy baby syndrome
Caused by ingestion of botulinum toxin in honey
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Gram positive catalase positive coagulase positive coccus
Staph aureus
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Gram positive catalase positive coagulase negative novobiocin sensitive
Staph epidermidis
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Gram positive catalase positive coagulase negative novobiocin resistant
Staph saprophyticus
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Gram positive catalase negative coccus, green on blood agar (alpha), optochin sensitive, bile soluble, encapsulated
Strep pneumonia
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Gram positive catalase negative coccus, green on blood agar (alpha), optochin resistant, no capsule
Strep viridans (think cavities and subacute endocarditis)
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Gram positive catalase negative coccus, beta hemolytic, bacitracin sensitive
Strep group A (pyogenes)
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Gram positive catalase negative coccus, beta hemolytic, bacitracin resistant
Strep group B, agalactiae
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Gram positive catalase negative coccus, no hemolysis, can survive in hypertonic (6.5%) saline
Strep group D, enterococci
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