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The most common cause of hyperparathyroidism is __.
parathyroid adenoma
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A __ presents as a palpable midline mass between the hyoid bone and the isthmus of the thyroid. It is a spherical anechoic mass located anterior to the trachea.
thyroglossal duct cyst
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The most common thyroid abnormality is ___.
goiter
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The parathyroid glands produce __, a hormone that affects bones, kidney and the intestines for calcium absorption.
PTH
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The most common type of thyroid malignancy is __.
papillary carcinoma
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Given the nature of the thyroid size, function and physiology, most thyroid biopsies are performed:
as a FNA
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Lymphoma in the thyroid gland is usually the __.
non Hodgkins type
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What muscular structure lies posterior and lateral to the thyroid gland?
longus colli muscle
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A 50 yr old patient who has undergone previous neck irradiation in his adolescence is seen for normal annual physical examination follow up. The referring physician has sent the patient for a neck sono simply because of his high risk history. The sono reveals a hypoechoic solid nodule with microcalcifications and increased vascularity. The most likely diagnosis is __.
a malignant thyroid nodule
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What is the structure that arises from the isthmus and tapers superiorly anterior to the thyroid cartilage?
pyramidal lobe
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What organ releases TSH?
pituitary gland
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The esophagus is __ to the trachea
posterior
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The normal parathyroid glands should not measure more than __.
4mm
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A cystic formation lateral to the thyroid gland is typically a __.
branchial cleft cyst
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The thyroid lobes are connected medially by the __.
isthmus.
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The most common cause of theyroid disorder worldwide is__.
iodine deficiency
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28yr old female patient with a recurrent, painless and diffusely enlarged thyroid gland is referred for neck sono. She denies any pain or discomfort. the sono reveals a hypoechoic but overall coarse homogeneous thyroid echotexture when compared to a normal thyroid texture. Also seen are multiple ill-defined hypoechoic areas separated by thickened fibrous strands. This is a typical appearance of __.
Hashimoto's disease
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A cystic hygroma is most likely related to which of the following abnormalities?
inadequate drainage of lymph fluid
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An oval, solid homogeneneous 3 cm mass is located adjacent to the posterior aspect of the midportion of the thyroid in a postmenopausal woman. The patient is being evaluated for hyperparathyroidism. The sono features of the mass, along with the patient's gender and age, make it suspicious for:
parathyroid adenoma
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The approximate dimensions of a normal adult thyroid gland are:
5cm length, 2cm wide, 2 cm depth
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