-
Hormones are regulated by:
neg feedback
- Chemical substances secreted from glands into bl stream
- endocrine glands=ductless glands
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Hypothalamus sits between:
houses the:
secretes:
- between brain stem and cerebrum
- pituitary gland
- RELEASING HORMONES that travel via bl to pituitary gland--which then hormone released--then to target tissues.
-
Hypothalamus and pituitary work together
They regulate:
- Temp
- Fl vol
- growth
- pain and pleasure response
- hunger and thirst
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Pituitary sites beneath:
Termed:
Anterior=
Posterior=
- hypothalamus
- master gland
- adenohypophysis
- neurohypophysis
-
Anterior pituitary gland Hormones:
- Growth hormones
- Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- Melanocyte simulating hormone (controls pig in skin)
- Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (ovary egg and sperm dev)
- Luteinizing hormone (LH) (stim ov and secretion of sex hormones in males and females)
- Prolactin
-
Posterior pituitary
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
- Oxytocin (Uterine contraction and release of milk)
-
Most common Endocrine Disorders
- -Thyroid abnormalities
- -Risk for Diabetes Mellitus
-
Blood level in TSH inc, which releases T4 and T3
T4=
T3=
Calcitonin=
- Thyroxine
- Triiodthyronine (both involved in metabolic rate management)
- Thyrocalcitonin-- dec excess Ca+ levels in blood (moves Ca+ into bones)
-
Too much thyroid hormone (t3, t4 or both)= (3 things)
- Hyperthyroidism/ THYROTOXICOSIS
- Graves disease
- Thyrotoxic crisis-- Thyroid storm
-
Graves Disease
Autoimmune response-- inc production of TH=enlargement of thyroid gland
-
Exophthalmos
- Startled expression of eyes-- impaired venous drainage from eye
- TX may not releive symptoms
-
Thyrotoxic Crisis aka
- Thyroid Storm
- Extreme state hyperthyroidism
- Sudden inc in metabolism= ht rate inc, high fever, htn, apprehensive=seizures, comatose, can die
- Causes: untreated hyperthy, infection, physical or emo trauma or thyroid surgery
-
TX for Thyroid Storm
- -Antithyroid meds= proplthiouracil (Prophyl-Thyracil) =reduce thyroid hormone (not destroy)
- -hypothermic blanket
- -NO ASA for hypothermia-can in TH level
-
Hyperthyroidism diagnostic tests
- t3 and t4 elevated
- TSH level- subnormal or sometimes not measurable
- Serum calcium elevated
- Serum phosphorus low
- (TH inc, TSH goes down=negative feedback)
- RAI (radioactive iodine uptake)=next slide
-
RAI (radioactive iodine uptake)
- Measure ability thyroid gland to concentrate injesten iodine
- amt radioactive iodine admin po capsule or drink (tracer dose)
- acter 24 hr, meas by Geiger Counter (scintillator) held near thyroid to measure amt radioactive iodine stored
- I-131 or I 215
- Hyper= high % iodine, Hypro= low % iodine
-
-
Antithyroid drugs
(w beta blocker)
- Mthimazone (Tapazole)
- Propylthiouracil (Propyl-Thyracil) (PTU)
- betablocker= Protranolol (Inderal)--relives thyrotoxicosis
-
Iodine Sources (drugs)
- Potassium iodide, saturated solution (SSKI)
- Strong iodine solution (Lugol's solution)
- (inhibits iodine hormone production--no shellfish w this)
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