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Description
- Thought to act on the subcortical levels of the brain, notably the limbic system
- (responsible for emotions, learning, and long term memory storage), and decrease electrical activity across the motor cortex.
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Actions
Decreases muscle activity, emotional responses, and level of consciousness.
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Indications
- 1. Eradication of grand-mal seizures
- 2. Sedation prior to cardioversion/pacing
- 3. Sedation in acute episodes of anxiety
- 4. Painful tetanic muscle contractions (spasms),
- particular in the management of orthopedic injuries
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Contraindications
- 1. Hypersensitivity
- 2. Shock
- 3. Hypotension
- 4. Coma
- 5. Obstetrical patients, and infants <1 mo. old Side
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Effects
- 1. Hypotension
- 2. Respiratory depression/respiratory arrest
- 3. Drowsiness, and decreased LOC
- 4. Nausea/Vomiting
- 5. Phlebitis at injection site
- 6. Dizziness
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Administration
- Adult: 5-10 mg IV/IM for seizures, cardioversion and transcutaneous pacing.
- 2-5 mg IM for anxiety.
- Peds: .2-.5mg/kg IV/IM/Rectal.
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Onset/duration
1-5 min. IV with duration 15-60 min. 15-30 min IM with more erratic absorption, and longer duration.
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