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Integumentary system
Consists of skin hair nails and cutaneous glands
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Epidermis
is stratified squamous epithelium
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Hypodermis
- another connective tissue layer below the dermis
- more areolar and adipose than dermis
- binds skin to underlying tissues
- drugs introduced by injection
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Epidermis
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium –dead cells at the surface packed with tough protein – keratin
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Stratum Basale
a single layer of cuboidal to low columnar stem cells and keratinocytes resting on the basement membrane –melanocytes and tactile cells are scattered among the stem cells and keratinocytes
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Stratum Spinosum
- consists of several layers of keratinocytes
- thickest stratum in most skin
- dendritic cells found throughout this stratum
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Stratum Lucidum
thin translucent zone
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Stratum Corneum
- up to 30 layers of dead, scaly, keratinized cells
- resistant to abrasion, penetration, and water loss
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Dermis
- connective tissue layer beneath the epidermis
- hair follicles and nail roots are embedded in dermis
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reticular layer
deeper and much thicker layer of dermis
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hair
consists of a bulb, shaft and root
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hair cycle
- anagen-growth stage 90% of scalp follicles at any given time
- catagen - degenerative stage - mitosis in the hair matrix ceases and sheath cells below the bulge die
- telogen - resting stage - when papilla reaches the bulge
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types connective tissues
- bone
- blood
- cartilige
- connective tissue
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classes of epithelium
- simple
- pseudostrafied columnar
- stratified
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epithelial tissue
a flat sheet of closely adhering cells , one or more cells thick, with the upper surface usually exposed to environment or to external space of the body.
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simple epithelia
has one layer of cells
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pseudostratified columnar
shorter cells are covered over by taller ones, epithelium looks startified but every cell reaches basement membrane
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goblet cell
wineglass shaped mucus that is secreted
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stratified epithelium
ranges from 2-20 or more layers of cells with cell resting directly on each other and only depest layer is attached to basement membrane
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