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Labor Force
All normality people who are employed or unemployed.
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Learning Effect
The theory that education increases productivity and results in higher wages.
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Screening Effect
The theory that the completion of college indicates to employers that a job applicant is intelligent and hard working.
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Contingent Employment
A temporary or part-time job.
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Derived Demand
Demand that is determined by demand for another good or service.
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Productivity
Value of output.
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Equilibrium Wage
The wage rate that produces neither an excess supply of workers nor an excess demand for workers for workers in the labor market.
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Unskilled Labor
Labor that requires no specialized skills, education, or training.
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Semi-skilled Labor
Labor that requires minimal specialized skills and education.
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Skilled Labor
Labor that requires specialized skills and training.
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Professional Labor
Labor that requires advanced skills and education.
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Glass Ceiling
An unofficial, invisible barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing in businesses dominated by white men.
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Labor Union
An organization of workers that tries to improve working conditions , wages, and benefits for its members.
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Featherbedding
The practice of negotiating labor contracts that keep unnecessary workers on a company's payroll.
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Strike
An organized work stoppage intended to force an employer to address union demands.
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Right-to-work-law
A measure that bans mandatory union membership.
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White-collar Worker
Someone in a professional or clerical job who usually earns a salary.
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Blue-collar worker
Someone who works in an industrial job, often in manufacturing, and who receives wages.
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Collective Bargaining
The process in which union and company representatives meet to negotiate a new labor contract.
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Mediation
A settlement technique in which a neutral mediator meets with each side to try to find a solution that both sides will accept.
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Arbitration
A settlement technique in which a third party reviews the case and imposes a decision that is legally binding for both sides.
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