-
releasing and inhibiting factors
(gland, target, effect)
- gland: hypothalamus
- target: anterior pituitary
- effect: modify activity
-
growth hormone
(gland, target, effect)
gland: anterior pituitary
effect: increase bone/muscle growth, increase cell turnover rate
-
prolactin
(gland, target, effect)
- gland: anterior pituitary
- target: mammary gland
- effect: milk production
-
thyroid stimulating hormone
(gland, target, effect)
- gland: anterior pituitary (tropic)
- target: thyroid
- effect: increase synthesis and release of thyroid hormone
-
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- gland: anterior pituitary
- target/effect: increase growth an dsecretory activity of adrenal cortex
-
lutenizing hormone
- gland: anterior pituitary (gonadotropic)
- target: ovary/testes
- effect: ovulation/testosterone growth
-
follicle stimulating hormone
- gland: anterior pituitary (gonadotropic)
- target: ovary/testes
- effect: follicle development/spermatogenesis
-
adtidiuretic hormone (ADH aka vasopressin)
- gland: posterior pituitary
- target: kidney
- effect: water retention
-
oxytocin
- gland: posterior pituitary
- target: breast/uterus
- effect: milk letdown/contractions during birth
-
calcitonin
- gland: thyroid C cells
- target: bone, kidney
- effect: lowers serum (Ca2+)
-
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
- gland: parathyroids
- target: bone, kidney, small intestine
- effect: raises serum (Ca2+)
-
thymosin
- gland: thymus
- target:/effect: T cell development during childhood
-
insulin
- gland: endocrine pancrease (secreted by beta cells)
- target: blood
- effect: lowers blood glucose, increases glycogen and fat storage
-
glucagon
- gland: endocrine pancreas (secreted by alpha cells)
- target: blood
- effect: raises blood glucose, decrease glycogen and fat storage
-
somatostatin
- gland: secreted by gamma cells
- target/effect: inhibits many digestive processes
-
atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)
- gland: heart
- target: kidney
- effect: increase urination to lower blood pressure
-
erythropoietin
- gland: kidney
- target: bone marrow
- effect: increase RBC synthesis
-
cortisol (aka glucocorticoid)
- gland: adrenal cortex
- target/effect:
- - longer term stress response
- - increase blood glucose
- - increase protein catabolism
- - decrease inflammation and immunity
-
aldosterone
- gland: adrenal cortex
- target: kidney
- effect: increase Na+ readsorption to increase blood pressure
-
sex steroids
- gland: adrenal cortex
- target/effect: an adrenal tumor can overproduce these, causing masculinization or feminization.
-
testosterone
- gland: testes
- target/effect: male characteristics, spermatogenesis
-
estrogen
- gland: ovaries/placenta
- target/effect: female characteristics, endometrial growth
-
progesterone
- gland: ovaries/placenta
- target/effect: endometrial secretion and pregnancy
-
thyroid hormone
- gland: thyroid
- target/effect:
- - children: physical and mental development
- - adults: increase metabolic rate and temperature
-
epinephrine
- gland: adrenal medulla
- target/effect: rapid sympathetic stress response
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