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What are the joints of LUSCHKA?
articulations found in the lower 5 cervical intervertebral joints they are synovial joints formed by the base of the vertebral body and the uncinate processes that project superiorly from the vertebral body below it. When the C-spine flexes, laterally bends and- rotates, these joints become axes of rotation.
They allow for flexion/extension- and limit lateral flexion in the cervical spine
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Why is the sacrum known as the “keystone”
of the pelvic girdle?
absorbing the forces and allowing the arches to bear wt.
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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has 3 basic
functions:
1) mechanical protection 2)homeostatic function - 3)circulation
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What is the primary motion of the
thoracic spine?
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During _____________
the diaphragm contracts and flattens and the chest cavity __________
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The sympathetic nervous system helps manage stress and requirements of the environment. What systems and viscera in the body does it have control over and give an example of what happens to each these systems and
viscera.
- Neurological triggers cause changes within the viscera in preparation for the body for the“fight or flight” response.
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Where do lymph nodes join to form lymph trunks and what areas do they drain?
Johnny Should Believe In Lust Jugular:head and neck Subclavian – upper limbs; Bronchomediastinal– thoracic wall, lung and heart; Intestinal – stomach, intestines, pancreas, spleenand part of the liver; Lumbar – lower limbs, wall and viscera of the pelvis, kidneys, adrenal glands and abdominal wall;
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What are the boundaries of the Ischiorectal Fossa?
Pelvic Diaphram- superiorily Skin inferiorly- (perineum) Perianal membrane – anterior Gluteus maximu and scacrotuberous- ligament - posterior
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What are the consequences that could occur with an imbalance of the pelvic diaphragm?
incontinence of urine and feces, infertility, erectile dysfunction, organ prolapse, pelvic and local viscera inflammation, constipation, perineal hernia, localized and sympathetic pain, etc.
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What are the structures that pass through the thoracic inlet?
Nerves – Phrenic C3, 4, 5, Vagus nerve Cranial nerve X, Recurrent laryngeal nerves,- Sympathetic trunks;
Arteries- – Left and Right Common Carotid Arteries, Right and Left Subclavian arteries;
Veins- – Subclavian vein, Internal jugular vein, External jugular vein, Brachiocephalic
- vein, Superior Vena Cava;
Lymphatic- – Thoracic duct (left lymphatic duct and Right lymphatic duct),
- Bronchomediastinal trunk, Lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels;
Trachea; Esophagus; Apex of the lung
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Name 2 muscles on tension during leg rotations at the point when the knee is laterally rotated or abducted.
Adductor longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus
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What are the borders of the Femoral Triangle?
superiorly-inguinal ligament, medially-adductor longus muscle, laterally-sartorius muscle
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Which 4 muscles make up the rotator cuff
group? (SITS)
supraspinatous, infraspinatous, teres minor, subscapularis
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Four joints being articulated during the 3 cardinal arm movements.
sternoclavicular, glenohumeral, acromioclavicular, sternocostal joints 1,2,3, vertebrocostal joints of ribs 1,2,3,4
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____of the side bending and rotation of the cervical spine happens between ___ and _C7_____, while the remaining _____% of side bending and rotation of the cervical spine happens between _____ and ____.
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The dens, also known as the ______________ process, creates a pivot on which the _______ rotates around the ____.
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During inhalation the ___ hiatus opens due to an increase in pressure of the abdominal cavity, increasing ______ return through the inferior vena cava to the heart
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The femoral triangle is bordered superiorly by the inguinal ligament, medially by the adductor longus muscle, and laterally by the sartorius muscle.
List the vessels that pass through the femoral triangle:
femoral nerve and its branches, femoral artery (and several but not all of its branches),femoral vein (and its proximal tributaries deepfemoral and great saphenous veins), and deep inguinal lymph nodes.
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The ________ganglion articulates with the first rib and the _______ arteries lie anteriorly to it.
- Stella Ganglion
- Vertebral Arteries
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The thoracic lymph nodes that are responsible for collecting lymph from the diaphragm, lower esophagus, lungs and liver are referred to as:
superior phrenic lymph nodes.
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The __________carries sensory information from parts of the lungs and the pericardium of the heart, as well as, motor impulses to the diaphragm muscle
Phrenic Nerve C3-C5
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The __________is the main parasympathetic nerve of the body and it passes down the neck and through the thoracic inlet to the abdomen.
Vagus Nerve
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The rotator cuff muscles (known as the SITS muscle group) stabilize the _______to the __________to permit arm movement. The large extrinsic shoulder muscles do not function properly if the “SITS” muscles lose their _________.
- Humeral Head
- Genoid fossa
- stablity
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Gibsons facia surrounds _____________ muscles and___________
- Pectorial muscles
- Apex of the lung
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Kegal exercises help tone the ___________
Ischiocavernosus Muscle
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_________and_________ bones are helpful landmarks that correspond to the level of C3
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A motion that repeats itself in regular cycle
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___________and _____________ are mechanisms that help move lymph.
- Mechanical contraction
- Respiration
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The femoral triangle is bordered superiorly by the ________, medially by the _________muscle and laterally by the _________ muscle
- Inguinal ligament
- Adductor Longus Muscle
- Sartorius Muscle
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The diaphragm is flattened during __________ and dome shaped during ___________.
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The sacrum absorbs ___________and allows the arches of the pelvic girdle to ___________
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The absence of ______ makes the spinal veins unique from any other veins in the body.
Valves
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The ____________accounts for 50%
rotation of the head on a transverse plane about a vertical axis.
Atlanto-axial joint
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What is the definition of oscillation?
It is a motion that repeats itself in a regular cycle
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The neck is divided into anterior and
posterior by what muscle?
sternocleidomastoid
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How many lymphatic ducts and trunks are
there and what are they called?
Johnny Should Believe In Lust
2 ducts- thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct 5 trunks – jugular, subclavian,intestinal, bronchomediastinal, lumbar
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What are the actions of bulbospongiosus?
Helps expel urine, aids in propelling semen along urethra, assists in erection of the penis and clitoris and- constricts vaginal orifice
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What structure is considered the beginning opening of the thoracic lymphatic duct?
the cisterna chyli
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What are the main functions of the lymphatic system?
drains excess interstitial fluid and returns it to the blood transports lipid soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) and lipids from the GI tract helps to defend the body against disease causing agents.
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What three major joints are articulated during myo-articulation of the shoulder?
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What is the main parasympathetic nerve of
the body originating from the medulla oblongata and what are it’s roots?
Vagus Nerve, CNX
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What major arteries are affected by myo-articulation of the leg in supine position?
Common Iliac artery,
internal iliac artery,
external iliac artery
femoral artery
and popliteal arteries.-
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Explain how Wernham's polygon applies to OSD?
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Explain why a woman cannot orgasm? How would you assess and treat such a case?
- compression of S2-4 nerves of vulva: pudendal
- ilioinguinal, posterior femoral cutaneous nerve dysfunction;
- internal pudendal artery compression arising from femoral artery circulatory issues;
- and the list goes on and on...lol
- femoral and inguinal lymph nodes drainage
- issues from vulva; ovarian steroid issue of the membrane causing SH/LHestrogen/progesterone imbalance from lipid issues in lymph; adventitia shearing from the pubocervical fascia and urogenital diaphragm following childbirth??
- SeFT, Supine, Sacral assessment, prone leg rotation and sacrum oscillation
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Why is myoarticulation treatment performed in supine and prone positions only?
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Prone leg rotation assists drainage of which important clinical landmark?
Ishiorectal fossa
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During OSD if the chin line is anterior what happens within the polygon? Posterior?
anterior: Increased pressure on the diaphragm anterior torsion of L1-2 tension on- inguinal ligaments
increased cervical lordosis increased tension at T11/T12 causing- exaggeration of alternating Zink patterns
knee will protrude posteriorly applying- pressure to tibial menisci
nutated sacrum likely nutated sphenoid- and sinuses meaning nasal circulation issues
posterior: abdominal pressure posterior onto- posterior portion of intestines aorta and iliac vessels
anterior cervical ligaments stretched- while posterior ligaments contracted
rhomboid contraction from reduced- thoracic kyphosis
increased chance of inhaled ribs dues to- flattened thoracic cage exertions on QL and PSOAS
increased lumbar lordosis Increased pressure on SI joints knees will protrude posteriorly increased tension on sciatic nerve as leg- extensors are on increased tension
Increased tension on deltoid ligament and- achilles tendon as most of weight is borne on talus
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The ________ plexus runs under the clavicle and over the first rib. It’s roots are ___________.
- Brachial Plexus
- C5,C6,C7,C8 & T1
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The cardinal arm movements liberate the ___________, the __________, the _________and __________, by lifting the _______ off of the first rib.
- Brachial Plexus
- Subclavian Artery
- Subclavian Vein
- Subclavian Lympathic trunk
- Clavical
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The ___________ is a bundle of nerve fibres that runs from the base of the skull to the coccyx.
It provides communication between the spinal nerves and is a fundamental part
of the ___________ division of the _______ nervous system.
- sympathetic trunk
- Sympathetic
- Autonomic
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Apertures of the Respiratory Diaphragm are CC Hiatus
Caval Hiatus, Sternocostal Hiatus, Esophageal Hiatus, Aorta Hiatus
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Unequal tension in the ______________ can draw the ___________ tendon off center altering the size, shape and position of the openings that run through this important muscle.
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The _____________ articulates with the first rib.
Stellate Ganglion
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The ______________ is superficial to the
pelvic diaphragm.
Urogenital Diaphragm
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The ___________and ___________ pass through the Caval hiatus of the diaphragm.
- Inferior Vena Cava
- Right Phrenic Nerve C3-C5
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The ______________is released during prone leg rotation
Ischiorectal Fossa
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The ____________is within the cerebrum and is also known as the ‘emotional brain.’
Limbic System
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OSD Leg rotation:
What is the Fulcrum, Load and Effort?
- The SI joint hand placement is our fulcrum
- and our lever (load) is the femur
- and the effort is from the operator.
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The supine treatment of the thoracic polygonal base is referred to as
the ______________movements.
Three Cardinal Arm
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The following joints (4) are found in the pelvis:
lumbosacral, sacroiliac, sacrococcygeal, and pubic symphysis.
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The peripheral nervous system is divided into
the ___________, ________ and ________nervous systems
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What is the strongest ligament in the body?
Iliofemoral
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Distal and proximal ends of the clavicle are termed protraction and retraction occurring along
the SC joint’s __________ axis
Longitudinal
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The subclavian lymphatic trunks drain the upper limbs into the
- Right lymphatic duct on the right
- Thoracic duct on the left
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The act of circumduction of the forearm produces a pumping action on the nerves, arteries, veins and lymphatics of the region. As the forearm is ____________ it forces all the fluid into the thoracic cavity and as the forearm is brought into _______ it draws fluid into the arm and forearm.
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How does leg rotation influence blood flow through the entire body?
The leg acts as a holding reservoir of fluid when in a static position. With the leg rotation movement, it
creates a (dynamic) pump effect to increase fluid pressure allowing blood (arterial and venous) and lymph to be circulated systemically
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During the 2nd cardinal movement in supine myoarticulation of the shoulder, what plane and axisis the humerus in?
What is this movement doing to the spine?
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What is the name of the lymph node that is the converging point of lymph vessels from the head and neck?
Jugulo-omohyoid node
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What is the function of the transverse ligament of the atlas?
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Name the 4 nerves that pass through the thoracic inlet.
- Phrenic nerve: C3-5
- Vagus Nerve : CNX
- Laryngeal Nerve
- Sympathic Trucks
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Nutation of thesacrum causes the apex of the sacrum to move _________ resulting in _______ of the lumbar spine.
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The femoral artery descends along the middle of the anterior thigh and crosses overto the posterior thigh.
What is the artery called before it is the femoral artery, and what does it turn into?
- External Iliac Artery
- Femoral Artery
- Popliteal Artery
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Name 4 nerves from the lumbosacral plexus and their roots.
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What are the 5 lymph trunks?
Johnny should believe in lust
Jugular Subclavian Bronchomediastinal Intestinal Lumbar
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Name the 4 structures that travel between the thorax and abdomen that pass through
the diaphragm. CC Hiatus
- Caval Hiatus
- Sternocostal Hiatus
- Esophageal Hiatus
- Aorta Hiatus
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