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What 3 pigments contribute to skin color?
- Malanin
- Carotene
- Hemoglobin
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What makes yellow to reddish-brown to black? Responsible for dark skin colors?
Melanin
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Where is melanin produced?
melanocytes
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Melanin migrates to where?
keratinocytes
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What happens when melanin moves to keratinocytes?
pigment shield are forme for nuclei
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What are to locations of local accumulation of melanin?
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What makes yellow to orange color in skin?
carotene
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Where is carotene most obvious?
palms and soles
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What is responsible for the pinkish hue of skin?
Hemogloban
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Appendages/Derivatives of the epidermis are:
- Sweat glands
- Oil glands
- Hairs and Hair follicles
- Nails
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What are the two main types of sweat glands?
Eccrine and apocrine
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Eccrine sweat glands are __________.
merocrine
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Where are eccrine glands abundant?
palms, soles, and forehead
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What 6 things make up sweat?
- Water
- NaCl
- Vit C
- Antibodies
- Dermcidin
- Metabolic wastes
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Ducts of eccrine sweat glands connect to ________.
pores
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Eccrine sweat glands function in ____________.
thermoregulation
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Apocrine sweat glands are confine to __________ and ________ areas.
axillary and anogenital
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What makes up sebum?
sweat + fatty substances and proteins
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Ducts of apocrine glands connect to ________ ____________.
hair follicles
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When are apocrine sweat glands functional?
from puperty onward
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What are the 2 functional apocrine glands?
- cercuminous glands
- mammary glands
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What are the widely distributed glands?
sebaceous oil glands
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Sebacious oil glands are most developed from __________ _____________.
hair follicles
-
When do sebacious glands become active?
at puberty
-
Why is sebum important?
- oily holocrine secretion
- bacteriocidal
- softens hair & skin
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Alerting the body to presence of insects on the skin and guarding the scalp against physical trauma, heat loss, and sunlight are important functions of __________.
hair
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Where is hair not distributed?
- palms
- soles
- lips
- nipples
- portions of external genitelia
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What does hair consists of?
dead keratinized cells
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__________ keratin is more durable than __________ keratin.
hard, soft
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Hair pigments: melanins make what colors?
-
Gray/white hair is caused by decreased ___________ production and increased ________ _________ in shaft.
melanin, air bubbles
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Where is the hair follicle located?
extending from the epidermal surface into the dermis
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The two layered wall of the hair follicle is outer ___________ __________ root sheath, and inner ___________ root sheath.
connective tissue, epithilial
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What is the expanded deep end of the hair follicle?
hair bulb
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