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neur/i, neur/o
means nerves
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concuss/o
means shaken together
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-dural
means pertaining to dura matter
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-esthesia
means sensation, feeling
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myel/o
means spinal cord and bone marrow
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neur/i, neur/o
means nerve
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-phobia
means abnormal fear
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acrophobia
an excessive fear of being in high places
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Alzheimer's disease
a group of disorders associated with degenerative changes in brain structure leading to characteristic symptoms including progressive memory loss, impaired cognition, and personality changes.
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amnesia
a disturbance in the memory marked by total or partial inability to recall past experiences
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amobarbital
a barbiturate used as a sedative and hypnotic
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amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
a degenerative disease of the motor neurons in which patients become progressively weaker until they are completely paralyzed; also know as Lou Gehrig's disease
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analgesic
a drug that relieves pain without affecting consciousness.
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anesthesia
the absence of normal sensation, especially sensitivity to pain
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anesthesiologist
a physician who specializes in administering anesthetic agents before and during surgery
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anesthetic
the medication used to induce anesthesia. The anesthetic may be topical, local, regional, or general.
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anesthetist
a specialist, other than a physician, trained in administering anesthesia
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anxiety state
a feeling of apprehension, tension, or uneasiness that stems from the anticipation of danger, the source of which is largely unknown or unrecognized
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aphasia
a condition, often due to brain damage associated with a stroke, in which there is the loss of the ability to speak, write, or comprehend speech or the spoken word
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autistic
a disorder in which a young child cannot develop normal social relationships, behaves in compulsive and ritualistic ways, and frequently has poor communication skills; also known as an autism
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barbiturate
a class of drugs whose major action is a calming or depressed effect on the central nervous system
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Bell's palsy
paralysis of the facial nerve (seventh cramial) that causes drooping only on the affected side of the face
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catatonic
behavior marked by a lack of responsiveness, stupor, and a tendency to remain in a fixed posture
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cerebral
means pertaining to the cerebrum or brain
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cerebral palsy
a condition caused by a brain injury that occurs during pregnancy, at birth, or soon after birth that is caracterized by poor muscle control and other neurologic deficiencies
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cerebrovascular accident
damage to the brain when the blood flow to the brain is disrupted because a blood vessel supplying it is blocked; aslo known as a stroke
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claustrophobia
an abnormal fear of being in narrow or enclosed spaces
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cognition
the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory
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comatose
the condition of being in a coma
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concussion
a voilent shaking up or jarring of the brain
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contusion
an injury that does not break the skin and is characterized by swelling, discoloration, and pain
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cranial hematoma
a collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the brain
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craniocele
a congenital gap in the skull with herniation of brain substance; also known as an encephalocele
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delirium
a potentially reversible condition often associated with a high fever that comes on suddenly in which the patient is confused, disoriented, and unable to think clearly
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delirium tremens
a form of acute organic brain syndrome due to alcohol withdrawal that is characterized by sweating, tremor, restlessness, anxiety, mental confusion, and hallucinations
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delusion
a false personal belief that is maintained despite obvious proof or evidence to the contrary
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dementia
a slowly progressive decline in mental abilities including impaired memory, thinking, and judgement.
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dyslexia
a learning disability characterized by reading achievement that falls substantially below that expected given the individual's chronological age, measured intelligence, and age-appropriate education
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echoencephalography
the use of ultrasound imaging to diagnose a shift in the midline structures of the brain
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electroconvulsive therapy
a controlled convulsion produced by the passage of an electric current through the brain to treat depression and mental disorders; also know as electrochock therapy
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elecctroencephalography
the process of recording electrial brain-wave activity
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empathy
the ability to understand another person's mental and emotional state without becoming personally involved
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encephalitis
inflammation of the brain
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encephalography
a radiographic study demonstrating the intracranial fluid containing spaces of the brain
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epidural anesthesia
is regional anesthesia produced by injecting a local anesthetic into the epidural space of the lumbar or sacral region of the spine
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grand mal epilepsy
which is the more severe form, is characterized by generalized tonic-clonic seizures
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Guillain-Barre syndrome
a condition characterized by rapidly worsening muscle weakness that may lead to temporary paralysis
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hallucination
a sense perception that has no basis in external stimulations
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hemorrhagic stroke
aka: bleed
a blood vessel in the brain leaks or ruptures
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hydrocephalus
an abnormally increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain
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hyperesthesia
a condition of excessive sensitivity to stimuli
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hypochondriasis
a preoccupation with fears of having, or the idea that one has, a serious disease based on misinterpretation of one or more bodily signs or symptoms
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kleptomania
a personality disorder characterized by a recurrent failure to resist impules to steal objects not for immediate use or their monetary value
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malingering
the intentional creation of false or exaggerated physical or psychological symptoms, motivated by external incentives such as avoiding work
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meningitis
an inflammation of the meninges of the brain or spinal cord
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meningocele
the protrusion of the membranes of the brain or spinal cord through a defect in the skull or spinal cord
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migraine headache
a syndrome characterized by sudden, severe, sharp headache usually present on only one side
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multiple sclerosis
a progressive autoimmune disorder characterized by scattered patches of demyelination of nerve fibers of the brain and spinal cord
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Munchausen syndrome
a condition in which the "patient" repeatedly makes up clinically convincing simulations of disease for the purpose of gaining medical attention
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myelitis
inflammation of the spinal cord; also inflammation of bone marrow
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myelography
a radiographic study of the spinal cord after the injection of a contrast medium
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myelosis
a tumor of the spinal cord; also an abnormal proliferation of bone marrow tissue.
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narcissistic
a pattern of an exaggerated need for admiration and complete lack of empathy
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narcolepsy
a syndrome characterized by recurrent uncontrollable seizures of drowsiness and sleep
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neurologist
a specialist in diagnosing and treating disorders of the centeral nervous system
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paresthesia
an abnormal sensation, such as burning, tingling, or numbness, for no apparent reason
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Parkinson's disease
a chronic slowly progressive, degenerative, central nervous system disorder characterized by fine muscle tremors, a masklike facial expression, and a shuffling gait
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peripheral neuropathy
a painful condition of the nerves of the hands and feet due to peripheral nerve damage; also known as peripheral neuropathy
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petit mal epilepsy
aka: absence epilepsy
is the milder form in which there is a sudden, temporary loss of consciousness, lasting only a few seconds. Seizures are very mild, do not include convulsive movements, and may not be noticed
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poliomyelitis
a viral infection of the gray matter of the spinal cord that may result in paralysis
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posttraumatic stress disorder
the development of symptoms such as sleep disorders and anxiety after a psychologically traumatic event such as witnessing a shooting, surviving a natural disaster, or being held as a hostage
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psychiatrist
a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating chemical dependentcies, emotional problems, and mental illness
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psychologist
a specialist, other than a physician, in evaluating and treating emotional problems.
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pyromania
a personality disorder characterized by a recurrent failure to resist impulses to set fires
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schizophrenia
a psychotic disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech that is often incoherent, and disruptive or catatonic behavior
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sciatica
inflammation of the sciatic nerve that results in pain along the course of the nerve through the thigh and leg
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seizure
a sudden, violent, involuntary contractin of a group of muscles caused by a disturbance in brain functin; also known as a convulsion
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syncope
the brief loss of consciousness caused by brief lack of oxygen in the brain; also known as fainting
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tetanus
an acute and potentially fatal bacterial infection of the central nervous system caused by the tetanus bacillus
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thalamotomy
a surgical incision into the thalamus to quiet the tremors of Parkinson's disease, to treat some psychotic disorders, or to stop intractable pain
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tic douloureux
inflammation of the trigeminal nerve characterized by sudden, intense, sharp pain on oe side of the face; also known as trigeminal neuralgia
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transient ischemic attack
the temporary interruption in the blood supply to the brain that may be a warning of an impending stroke
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