Medical Terminology

Surgical Punture

To break; Surgical Fracture

Binding; Fixation (of a bone or joint)

Excision, removal

Seperation, destruction, loosening

Fixation (of an organ)

Surgical repai

Suture

Forming an opening

Instrument to cut

Incision

Crushing

Record, writing

Intrument for recording

Instrument for measuring

Act of measuring

Intrument for examining

Visual examination

Pain

Pain

Hernia, swelling

Dilation, expansion

Swelling

Vomiting

Blood condition

Forming, producing, origin (carcinogen)

Forming, producing, origin

Abnormal condition

inflammation

Stone, calculus

Softening

Enlargement

Tumor

Abnormal condition; Used primarily with blood cells

Disease

Decrease, deficiency

Eating, swallowing

Fear

Formation, growth

Formation, growth

Paralysis

Prolapse, downward displacement

Bursting forth of

Bursting forth of

Discharge, flow

Rupture

Abnormal condition of hardening

Involuntary contraction, twitching

Narrowing, stricture

Poison

Nourishment, development

Pertaining to

Condition

Medicine, treatment

Specialist

Condition, Process

Small, Minute

Before

Around

After

Above, upon

Under, below, deficient

Under, below

Under

Between

After, behind

Backward, behind

Two

Double

One half

Excessive, above normal

Large

Small

One

Many, much

First

Four

Three

From, away from

Toward

Around

Through, across

Outside, outward

In, within

Near, beside, superior

Upper, above

Above, excessive, superior

Excess, beyond

Without, not

Against

Slow

Bad, painful, difficult

Good, normal

Different

Same

Bad

All

False

Union, together, joined

Rapid

Structural components of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acid and proteins. Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes during cell division.

Threadlike structure within nucleus composed of DNA, each egg and each sperm has 23 unpaired chromosomes.

Jellylike substance within nucleus composed of proteins, salts, water, disolved gasses, and nutrients. All cellular structures are embedded in cytoplasm.

Muscular wall dividing the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.

Sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place in a cell/organism.

Movement away from the midsgittal plane of the body.

Pertaining to the midline of the body.

Pertaining to a side.

Toward the head or upper portion of the structure.

Away from the head or toward the tail or lower part of a structure.

Nearer to the center (trunk of the body) or to the point of attachment to the body.

Further from the center or from the point of attachment.

Front of the body.

Back of the body.

Pertaining to the outer wal of the body cavity.

Pertaining to the internal organs, especially the abdominal organs.

Laying on the abdomen, face down.

Laying on the back, face up.

Turning inward or inside out.

Turining outward.

Pertaining to the palm of the hand.

Pertaining to the sole of the foot.

Toward the surface of the body (external).

Awary from the surface of the body (internal).

Cell

Tissue

Nucleaus

Anterior, front

Tail

Cranium (skull)

Far, farthest

Back of body

Lower, below

Side

Middle

Back, behind

Near, nearest

Bellyside

Abdomen

Neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus)

Stomach

Ilium (lateral, flaring portion of hipbone)

Groin

Loins (lower back)

Pelvis

Spine

Chest

Umbilicus, navel

White

Green

Color

Yellow

Blue

Red

Black

Gray

Extremity

Cause

Unknown, Peculiar

Form, shape, structure

Disease

Radiation, x-ray

Body

Sound

Internal organs

Dry

Forming, producing, origin

Knowing

Record, writing

Intrument for recording

Process of recording

Specialist in the study of

Study of

Instrument for measuring

Disease

From, away from

Foward

Different

Same, alike

Below, under

Around

Excess, beyond

Objective indicators that are observable.

Subjective and only experienced by the patient.

Results of radiological, laboratory, and other medical procedures performed on the patient.

Study of the cause or origin of a disease. Some possible causes of disease include: metabolic (diabetes), infectious (measles, mumps), congenital (cleft lip), hereditary (hemophilia), environmental (burns or trauma), neoplastic (cancer).

Abnormal fibrous band that holds or binds together tissues that are normally seperated.

Substance analyzed or tested, generally by means of laboratory methods.

Substance injected into the body, introduced via catheter, or swallowed to facilitate radiographic images of internal structures that otherwise are difficult to visualize on x-ray.

Bursting open of a wound, expecially a surgical abdominal wound.

Feverish, pertaining to a fever

Diseased, pertaining to a disease.

Use of radioactive substances.

Use of electromagnetic radiation, ultrasound and imaging techniques.

Subastances that emit radiation spontaneously; also called tracers.

Radionuclide attached to a protein, sugar, or other substance used to visualize an organ or area of body that will be scanned.

Term used to describe a computerized image by modality or by structure.

Pathological state, usually febrile, resulting from the presence of microorganisms in the bloodstream.

Producing or associated with generation of pus.

Visual examination of a body cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope.

Visual examination of the organs of the pelvis and abdomen through very small incisions in the abdominal wall.

Examination of the lungs, pleura, and pleural space with a scope inserted through a small incision between ribs.

Commom blood test that enumerates RBCs, WBCs, and platelets; measures hemoglobin; estimates red cell volume; and sorts WBCs into 5 subtypes.

Commom urine screening test that evaluates the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine.

Representative tissue sample removed from a body site for microscopic examinations, usually to establish a diagnosis.

Removal of a part, pathway, or function by surgery, chemical destruction, electrocautery, freezing, or radio frequency

Joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another.

Destroy tissue by electricity, freezing, heat, or corrosive chemicals.

Scraping of a body cavity with a spoon shaped instrument called a curette.

Incision made to allow the free flow or withdrawal of fluids from a wound or cavity.

Surgical removal of tissue in an extensive area surrounding the surgical site in an attempt to excise all tissue that may be malignant and decrease the chance of recurrence.

Partial excision of a bone, organ, or other structure.

Anterior

Anteroposterior

Biopsy

Diagnosis

Lateral

• Left lower quadrant
• Left upper quadrant

Posterior

• Right lower quadrant
• Right upper quadrant

Symptoms

Treatment

Urinalysis

Upper and lower

Ultrasound

Genetic term for an agent (usually a hormone) that stimulates development of male characteristics.

Very small duct

Fat

Skin

Sweat

Dry, scaly

Horny tissue, hard, cornea

Black

Fungus

Nail

Hair

Hardening

Sebum, sebaceous

Scale

Foreigh, strange

Dry

Cell

Skin

Without

Through, across

Above, upon

Excessive, above normal

Under, below

Partial or complete loss of hair resulting from normal aging, an endocrine disorder, a drug reaction, anticancer medication, or a skin disease; commonly called baldness.

Localized collection of pus at the site of an infection.

Diffuse (widespread), acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue.

Infection of the skin caused by fungi.

A bruise

chronic skin inflammation characterized by erythema, papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts, scabs, and, possibly itching.

Redness of the skin caused by swelling of the capillaries.

Damaged tissue following a severe burn.

Bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture.

Thickened area of epidermis or any horny gorwth on the skin (such as a callus or wart).

Small brown macules, especially on the face and arms, brought on by sun exposure, usually in a middle-aged or older person.

Unnatural paleness or absence of color in the skin.

Infestation with lice

Minute, pinpoint hemorrhage under the skin

Skin ulceration caused by prolonged pressure from lying in one position that prevents blood flow to the tissues, usually in bedridden patients; also know as decubitus ulcer (bed sore).

Intense itching

Chronic skin disease characterized by circumscribed red patches covered by thick, dry, silvery, adherent scales caused by excessive development of the basal layer of the epidermis.

Any of several bleeding disorders characterized by hemorrhage into the tissues, particularly beneath the skin or mucous membranes, producing ecchymoses or petechiae.

Fungal infection

Allergic reaction of the skin characterized by the eruption of pale red, elevated patched called wheals or hives.

Epidermal growth caused by a virus; also known as warts.

Localed loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches.

Removal of necrotized tissue from a wound by surgical excision, enzymes, or chemical agents.

Inhibit allergic reactions of inflammation, redness, and itching caused by the release of histamine. (Block histamines from binding with histamine receptor sites in tissues. Histamines cause sneezing, running nose, itchiness, and rashes.)

Topically applied agents that inhibit growth of bacteria, thus preventing infections in cuts, scratches, and surgical incisions.

Decrease inflammation and itching by suppressing the immune system's inflammatory response to tissue damage.

Impression (synonymous with diagnosis)

Ointment

Orange-colored or yellowish pigment in bile. Bilirubin is formed principally by the breakdown of hemoglobin in red blook cells after termination of their normal lifespan.

Mass of masticated food ready to be swallowed.

Denotes a gland that secretes its products through excretory ducts to the surface of an organ or tissue or into a vessel.

Cricular band of muscle fibers that constrict a passage or closes a natural opening of the body.

Mouth

Tongue

cheek

Lip

Teeth

Gum

Saliva

Stomach

Pylorus (sphincter of the stomach)

Duodenum (first part of the small intestine)

Intestine (usually small intestine)

Jejunum (second part of the small intestine)

Ileum (third part of the small intestine)

Appendix

Colon

Sigmoid colon

Rectum

Anus, rectum

Anus

Liver

Bile vessel

Bile, gall

Gallbladder

Abnormal condition

Enlargement

Appetite

Disgestion

Swallowing, eating

Meal

Through, across

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen.

Rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine.

Physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass; commonly associated with AIDS and cancer.

Presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct.

Scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease.

Spasm in any hollow or tubular soft organ especially in the colon, accompanied by pain.

Chronic inflammation, usually of the ileum, but possible affecting any portion of the intestinal tract; also called regional eneteritis.

Act of swallowing

Inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, that may be caused by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites, which results in bloddy diarrhea.

Epigastric disconfort felt after eating; also called indigestion

Inability or difficulty in swallowing; also called aphagia

Producing gas from the stomach, usually with a characteristic cound; also called belching

Vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus

Passage of dark colored, tarry stools, due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices.

Sever constipation; may be caused by an intestinal obstruction

Formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips,, or cheek caused primarily by irritation.

Passage of fat in large amounts in the feces due to failure to digest and absorb it.

Measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood.

Before meals

Twice a day

Half strength

At bedtime

After meals

Every morning

Any hairlike structure

Moving or spreading out of a substance at random, rather than by chemical reaction or application of external forces.

Wall dividing two cavities

Thin layer of tissue that covers internal body cavities, the cells of which secrete a fluid that keeps the membrane moist

Nose

Air; lung

Lung

Incomplete; imperfect

Straight

Chest

Breathe

Carbon dioxide

Smell

Voice

Breathing

Spitting

Chest

Slow

Bad, painful, difficult

Good, normal

Rapid

Condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen.

Collapsed or airless state of the lung, which may be acute or chronic and affect all or part of a lung.

Ease with which lunch tissue can be stretched

head cold; upper respiratory infection (URI)

Nosebleed; nasal hemorrhage

Deficiency of oxygen in the blood

Deficiency of oxygen in tissues

Abnormal breath sound heard on auscultation

High pitched, harsh, adventitious breath sound caused by a spasm or swelling of the larynx or an obstruction in the upper airway.

Test that measures partial pressure of oxygen, carbon diaoxide, pH, and bicarbonate level of an arterial blood sample. (ABG analysis evaluates pulmonary gas exchange and helps guide treatment of acid-base imbalances.)

Relieve or suppress coughing by blocking the cough reflex in the medulla of the brain. Antitussives alleviate nonproductive dry coughs and should not be used with productive coughs.

Chest x-ray

Hemoglobin

History

Respiratory distress

Shortness of breath

Temperature, pulse, and respiration

Vessel (usually blood or lymph)

Fatty plaque

Blood vessel

vein

Hardening; sclera (white of the eyes)

Pulse

Narrowing, stricture

Blood clot

Localized abnormal dilation of a vessel, usually an artery.

Condition of being stopped or bringing to a stop

Inability of the heart to maintain a normal sinus rhythm, possible including a rapid or slow beat or "skipping" a beat; also called dysrhythmia.

Soft blowing sound heard on auscultation, possibly due to vibrations associated with the movement of blood, vavular action, or both; also called murmur.

Narrowing of a vessel, espcially the aorta

Calculation of how much blood a ventricle can eject with one contraction. The left ventricular EF averages 50-70% in healthy hearts but can be markedly reduced if part of the heart muscle dies, as evident after and MI or in cardiomyopathy or valvular heart disease.

Quivering or spontaneous muscle contractions, especially of the heart, causing ineffectual contractions. FIbrillation is commonly corrected with a defibrillator.

Arrest of bleeding or circulation

Excessive amounts of lipids (cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides) in the blood.

Area of tissue that undergoes necrosis following cessation of blook supply.

Local and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to circulatory obsruction.

Common and occasionally serious condition in which the leaflets of the mitral valve prolapse into the left atrium during systole causing a characteristic murmur hear on auscultation.

Circulation of blood through tissues or the passage of fluids through vessels of an organ.

Procedure to restore normal rhythm of the heart by applying a controlled electrical shock to the exterior of the chest.

Procedure that alters a vessel through surgery or dilation of the vessel using a balloon catheter.

Protective proteing produced by B lymphocytes in response to presence of a foreign subantance called an antigen.

Substance recognized as harmful to the host and stimulates formation of antibodies in an immunocompetent individual.

Substances derived from the breakdown of hemoglobin, produced by the liver, and excreted in the form of bile.

Chemical substances produced by certain cells that initiate, inhibit, increase, or decrease activity in other cells. Cytokines are important chemical communicators in the immune response, regulating many activities associate with immunity and inflammation.

All body fluids outside cells, including interstition fluid, plasma, lymph, and cerebrospinal fluid.

Specialized lymphocytes that kill abnormal cells by releaseing chemicals that destroy the cell membrance causing its intercellular fluid to leak out. (NK cells destroy virally infected cells and tumor cells).

Gland

Clumping, gluing

Base (alkaline)

Embryonic cell

Form, shape, structure

Bone marrow; spinal cord

Formation, growth

Varied, irregular

Net, mesh

Protein

Transplantation

Attraction for

Carrying, transmission

Protection

Formation, production

Standing still

Unequal, dissimilar

Condition of marked variation in the size of erythrocytes when observed on a blood smear.

Localized accumulation of blood, usually clotted, in an organ, space, or tissue due to a break in or severing of a blood vessel.

Destruction of RBCs with a release of hemoglobin that diffuses into the surrounding fluid.

Serious, life threatening bloodstream infection that may arise from other infections throughout the body. Septicemia is characterized by chills, fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, confusion, hypotension, and ecchymoses.

Test that enumerates the distrubution of WBCs in a stained blood smear by counting the different kinds of WBCs and reporting each as a percentage of the total examined.

Measurement of the amount of hemoglobin found in a whole blood sample. Hgb values decrease in anemia and increase in dehydration, plyycythemia vera, and thrombocytopenia purpura.

Measurement of the percentage of RBCs in a whole blood sample.

Drawing in or out by suction